Association of body weight, loin<i>longissimus dorsi</i>and backfat with body condition score in dry and lactating Holstein dairy cows

Jaurena, Gustavo; Moorby, J. M.; Fisher, William J.; Cantet, Rodolfo Juan Carlos

doi:10.1079/asc41750219

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…If the additional free Phe replaced use of peptide-derived Phe in the mammary gland, it is possible that more Met, which liberated energy from milk fat and lactose, provided the energy required to incorporate the peptides back into muscle protein, resulting in some of the increased BCS gain. Jaurena et al (2005) showed that BCS gain reflects accretion of both fat and muscle mass, which was not the case with Phe supplementation alone. This is supported by the tendency for a number of AA (i.e., Met, Lys, Arg, Ala, all branched-chain AA (BCAA)) to decrease in the M/P vs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canola meal is the second largest protein feed in the Northern latitudes and inclusion levels in dairy rations are expected to increase due to projected large increases in production of canola seed in Canada. However, a recent study (Swanepoel et al. 2014) showed that even though higher inclusions of canola meal (CM) had a positive effect on production when CM directly substituted for high protein corn based dried distillers grains (DDG), that there was an optimum point at 120 to 135 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM) after which animal performance seemed to decline. Only the amino acids (AA), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe) and leucine (Leu) could have limited production based upon plasma AA concentrations at the highest CM inclusion Addition of Phe to the Met supplementation changed the way energy was utilized by the cows, redirecting energy liberated by Met from milk components toward BCS gain. It remains unclear if Phe was limiting in the Control ration or if RP Phe was not fed at high enough levels to have a measurable response on production. However, it is clear that AA limitations, requirements and production responses are governed by much more than plasma AA levels. Results further suggest that AA are bioactive metabolites to the extent that they can change animal performance, even when they are not "limiting" per se, and that their supplementation to practical dairy cattle diets should be approached with extreme caution for this reason.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Weight losses in grazing animals are common in rural Sahelian cattle husbandry systems, mainly during the dry season and the transition period from the dry to the rainy season (Ferná ndez-Rivera et al, 2005), and Schlecht et al (1999b) reported body weight losses of up to 22% in nonsupplemented cattle during the dry season. While the situation of urban LI cattle might have been quite similar to the situation of village cattle herds, given their large reliance on feed intake during pasturing, the weight loss of HI cattle especially during the hot dry season remains peculiar and might in part be due to inaccuracies in the conversion of BCSs to LW; this inconsistency might be linked to variations in the magnitude of LW change associated with each unit of BCS change as discussed by Jaurena et al (2005) and Berry et al (2006). Nutrient use efficiency Efficient utilization of resources is an important economic component in livestock production systems whereby the efficiency of feed conversion is greatly influenced by DM intake, digestibility of feeds as well as production performance (Linn et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource use efficiency in urban and peri-urban sheep, goat and cattle enterprises

Diogo

Buerkert

Schlecht

2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban livestock husbandry receives growing attention given the increasing urban demand for livestock products. At the same time, little is known about the resource use efficiency in urban livestock enterprises and eventual negative externalities. In livestock production, feeds are an important resource whose nutrients are transformed into products (meat and milk) to generate financial return to the producer. The lack of knowledge on nutrient supply through feed might lead to oversupply with severe environmental impacts. In Niamey, a typical West African city and capital of the Republic of Niger, urban livestock production is constrained by feed scarcity, especially during the dry season. Here, the issue of resource use efficiency was studied in 13 representative and differently managed sheep/goat and cattle enterprises characterized by high and low feed inputs, respectively, during a period of 28 months. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) inflows into each farm through livestock feeds and outflows through manure were determined using a semi-structured questionnaire; interviews were accompanied by regular weighing of feed supplied and dung produced. Live weight gain (LWG) and efficiency of conversion of total feed dry matter offered (kg TDMO/kg LWG) were computed along with nutrient balances (NBs) per metabolic body mass (kg 0.75 ). NBs (per kg 0.75 /day) in the high-input (HI) sheep/goat enterprises were 11762.4 mg N, 1127.2 mg P and 11363.5 mg K and were significantly greater (P , 0.05) than those in low-input (LI) units (169.1 mg N, 298.3 mg P and 116.5 mg K). In HI cattle enterprises, daily balances averaged 1454.1 mg N, 140.1 mg P and 1341.8 mg K compared to 134.4 mg N, 29.0 mg P and 168.3 mg K (P . 0.05) in LI cattle systems. All systems were characterized by poor conversion efficiencies of offered feed, which ranged from 13.5 to 46.1 kg TDMO/kg LWG in cattle and from 15.7 to 43.4 kg TDMO/kg LWG in sheep/goats. LWG in HI sheep/goats was 53 g/day in the rainy season, 86 g/day in the hot dry season and 104 g/day in the cool dry season, while HI cattle lost 79 g/day in the hot dry season and gained 121 g/day and 92 g/day in the cool dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The data indicate that there is nutrient wasting and scope for improvement of feeding strategies in Niamey's livestock enterprises, which might also decrease nutrient losses to the urban environment.

show abstract

“…Since Jaurena et al (2005) showed that BCS gain reflects accretion of fat and muscle mass, the increase in BCS may also be explained by involvement, or activity, of Phe in lipogenesis. Research investigating treatment of type 2 diabetes have shown that use of a Phe-based GPR142 agonist successfully increased serum insulin while decreasing blood glucose concentrations (Du et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of adding ruminally protected phenylalanine to rations containing high levels of canola meal on performance of high producing Holstein cows

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights• Supplementation of Phe to early lactation cows receiving 170 g/kg of diet DM as CM.• Phe changed energy utilization, decreasing milk lactose while increasing BCS gain.• Phe resulted in an increase in whole tract aNDFom and ADF digestibility.• Phe support milk production after restoring mobilized peptides to muscle protein.• Phe regained animal performance lost when CM inclusion was increased. AbstractEven though studies supplementing Phe to dairy cattle are rare, it has been identified as limiting in corn silage based rations, after Lys and Met, as well as being important to the mammary gland for overall milk production. Since canola meal (CM) is low in Phe, plasma Phe concentrations decrease as more CM is included in dairy rations. A previous study fed 7.5 g/cow/day of intestinally absorbable Phe, but results suggested that it was insufficient to support increased milk production since it was primarily used to support increased body condition score (BCS;Swanepoel et al., 2015). Our objective was to determine if supplementing 15 g/cow/day of intestinally absorbable Phe in a ruminally protected (RP) form (HCMP) to a ration containing 170 g/kg CM (HCM) would support increased milk production after fulfilling its apparent 1 st priority of restoring previously mobilized peptides to muscle protein synthesis, thereby regaining animal performance possibly lost with higher dietary CM inclusion levels (i.e., 130 g/kg (LCM) to 165 g/kg (HCM)) based upon Swanepoel et al. (2015). Ruminally protected Met (2.0 g/cow/day intestinally absorbable) was added as part of the treatment ration to HCM treatments to avoid a possible Met limitation. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 Latin square using 3 pens of ~315 early lactation cows/pen with three 21 day periods. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected (avg: 27.5 ± 0.5 kg/day) by feeding RP Phe and there was no impact of treatment on milk and component yields, except a reduced lactose content (P=0.02) with Phe addition. Even though plasma Phe levels only differed numerically between treatments, its supplementation resulted in energy being diverted towards BCS gain as in Swanepoel et al. (2015), but not at the expense of milk components, suggesting that higher Phe supplementation supplied enough Phe to replace mobilized muscle protein while maintaining milk production. The lack in change of plasma Phe concentrations could be due to extensive catabolization by the liver or hepatic conversion of Phe to Tyr, which is supported by the change in plasma Tyr concentrations.Interestingly, addition of Phe to the HCM ration increased whole tract neutral-and acid detergent fiber digestibility. Perhaps Phe released into the rumen when Phe was fed stimulated fibrolytic bacteria through a direct impact on microbes of free Phe, which has previously been shown to enhance growth and/or capabilities of cellulolytic bacteria. Total net energy output decreased with HCM feeding, but was restored to the level of the LCM ration for the HCMP treatment suggesting that further investigation to d...

show abstract

Association of body weight, loinlongissimus dorsiand backfat with body condition score in dry and lactating Holstein dairy cows

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Resource use efficiency in urban and peri-urban sheep, goat and cattle enterprises

Impacts of adding ruminally protected phenylalanine to rations containing high levels of canola meal on performance of high producing Holstein cows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About