Association of Childhood History of Parental Incarceration and Juvenile Justice Involvement With Mental Health in Early Adulthood

Abstract

Key Points Question Is a childhood history of parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement associated with mental health conditions in early adulthood? Findings In this nationally representative cross-sectional study, young adults with a history of both parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement reported more mental health conditions compared with peers with no justice system exposure during childhood. Meaning Parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement may be associated with mental illness in young adult populations.

Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

“…Due to various moderator variables, our metaanalysis found comparable levels of heterogeneity to those in previous meta-analyses of both child welfare and juvenile justice samples [3,4]. The elevated rates of mental disorders among adults previously in out-of-home care may be explained by the use of samples in the stage of young adulthood (18-25 years) in eight studies [63,65,67,69,70,72,76,77], compared with the highest mean age of 72 years in the study sample of Fernandez et al [78]. For example, there was a variation in the age distribution (18-72 years) of samples between individual studies: as young adults may face various challenges at transition to adulthood, they might be at higher risk of mental disorders compared with older adults [30], which might mean that our estimated prevalence rates are higher than is actually the case.…”

“…For three studies, which reported gender-specific prevalence rates only [61][62][63], we calculated the combined prevalence across these subsamples in our meta-analyses [56]. We included two studies that reported only lifetime prevalence rates [48,64], because we were able to control for childhood prevalences by conducting subgroup analyses.…”

“…1. Our sensitivity analyses for exploring potential sources of between-study heterogeneity revealed that excluding five outlier studies [48,63,[68][69][70] in the any mental disorder group and two outlier studies [48,66] in the depressive disorders group did not change the prevalence rates or the heterogeneities substantially (Table 3). Excluding two outlier studies [62,68] in the substance-use disorders group did increase the prevalence rate slightly, from 10.39% to 10.42%, and revealed a low and non-significant heterogeneity of 0.00%.…”

Resveratrol Improves Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbiota Composition and Metabolism in Mice

“…As a consequence, weaning results in decreased feed intake, serious diarrhea, and depressed immune systems. Additionally, a number of studies have revealed that juvenile stress, such as weaning stress, has a profound impact on social behavior and metabolism in adulthood (Shtoots et al, 2018;Heard-Garris et al, 2019). For example, early life adversity (weaning stress) in piglets induces chronic functional diarrhea, intestinal permeability, and lasting alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) function (Pohl et al, 2017).…”

The Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General's Report on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Toxic Stress, and Health

“…34,35,38 One study found that half of incarcerated youth had experienced four or more ACEs, 1441 while data from the United States and Wales suggest that greater than 90% of incarcerated adults have experienced at least one ACE, and almost 50% have experienced four or more. [1442][1443][1444] One aspect of toxic stress physiology that is of particular relevance to the justice system is the notion of stress sensitization. Individuals with a dysregulated stress response may be more sensitive to subsequent stressors in terms of risk of Sociodemographic disparities in exposure to childhood adversity are compounded by disparities in rates of referral to the criminal justice system to give rise to a chicken-egg cycle of trauma and harm in vulnerable communities.…”