Association of Common Zoonotic Pathogens With Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Guo, Yaqiong; Ryan, Una; Feng, Yaoyu; Xiao, Lihua

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.810142

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Animal domestication and modern animal farming could have promoted the dispersal of zoonotic C. parvum ( Guo et al 2022a ) ( supplementary fig. S15, Supplementary Material online).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, IIa subtypes are widely distributed in industrialized nations around the world where dairy farming is most intensive. As the most successful Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle were introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and other areas from northwestern Europe in the late 20th century, the animal import could have played a role in the dispersal of IIa subtypes around the world ( Guo et al 2022a ). This is supported by the genomic similarity of the dominant IIa subpopulation (group VII) between the United Kingdom and United States in phylogenetic, PCA, and IBD analyses in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympatric Recombination in Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Leads to Emergence of Populations with Modified Host Preference

Wang

Guo

Roellig

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Genetic recombination plays a critical role in the emergence of pathogens with phenotypes such as drug resistance, virulence, and host adaptation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that recombination between sympatric ancestral populations leads to the emergence of divergent variants of the zoonotic parasite Cryptosporidium parvum with modified host ranges. Comparative genomic analyses of 101 isolates have identified seven subpopulations isolated by distance. They appear to be descendants of two ancestral populations, IIa in northwestern Europe and IId from southwestern Asia. Sympatric recombination in areas with both ancestral subtypes and subsequent selective sweeps have led to the emergence of new subpopulations with mosaic genomes and modified host preference. Subtelomeric genes could be involved in the adaptive selection of subpopulations, while copy number variations of genes encoding invasion-associated proteins are potentially associated with modified host ranges. These observations reveal ancestral origins of zoonotic C. parvum and suggest that pathogen import through modern animal farming might promote the emergence of divergent subpopulations of C. parvum with modified host preference.

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“…Animal domestication and modern animal farming could have promoted the dispersal of zoonotic C. parvum ( Guo et al 2022a ) ( supplementary fig. S15, Supplementary Material online).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatric Recombination in Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Leads to Emergence of Populations with Modified Host Preference

Wang

Guo

Roellig

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…It is also crucial to provide systematic surveillance of the various human-made avian reservoirs to provide a risk assessment for novel genetic pathogenic variants to emerge [ 20 ]. In recent decades, contamination of the environment with various pathogens has increased due to the intensity of animal farming, followed by the emergence of novel pathogens with pathogenic potential and a threat to global health [ 21 ].…”

Section: Perspectives Of the “Avian Pathogens” Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Pathogens: Editorial and the Perspectives of Research

Sharshov

2022

Microorganisms

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In the last ten years, humanity has faced new challenges in the field of human and animal health, including emerging viral infections. The widespread occurrence of emerging and re-emerging pathogens (e.g., highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), the new COVID-2019 of zoonotic nature, coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)) presents a serious threat to humans. Avian pathogens cause devastating economic losses in poultry industries worldwide. Poultry is one of the main sources of protein in Asia. For instance, in China alone, with a population of more than 1.3 billion people, poultry meat consumption has increased to 19.6 kg/year per person (FAO). According to official estimates, this is over 25 million tons per year, or more than 12.7 billion birds. Therefore, poultry farming in Southeast Asia is considered one of the main “vessels” where avian pathogens can evolve. Wild bird migration makes the spread of these pathogens to other regions increasingly likely, as we have seen worldwide with the H5N8 influenza virus. In addition, avian pathogens can cause devastating epizootics among wild birds and threaten the planet’s bioresources. The importance of wild birds as potential vectors of disease has received recent renewed interest, especially in the frame of the global virome/microbiome concept. Understanding the spread of bacterial and viral pathogens in wild birds may serve as a useful model for examining the spread of other disease organisms, both among birds, and from birds to other taxa. This Special Issue aims to summarize recent advances and to attract new research articles that address existing pathogens in poultry and wild birds. It also aims to compare the epidemiological situation across avian pathogens or countries.

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“…Most human cases are due to C. hominis , which is anthroponotic, or C. parvum , which is zoonotic (Feng, Ryan, and Xiao 2018). Animal reservoirs, in particular young ruminants, have an essential role in the spillover and spillback of C. parvum to humans (Guo et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics reveals the emergence of an outbreak-associatedCryptosporidium parvumpopulation in Europe and its spread to the USA

Bellinzona,

Nardi,

Castelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The zoonotic parasiteCryptosporidium parvumis a global cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans and ruminants. Sequence analysis of the highly polymorphic gp60 gene enabled the classification of C. parvum isolates into multiple groups (e.g. IIa, IIc, Id) and a large number of subtypes. In Europe, subtype IIaA15G2R1 is largely predominant and has been associated with many water- and food-borne outbreaks. In this study, we generated new whole genome sequence (WGS) data from 123 human- and ruminant-derived isolates collected in 13 European countries and included other available WGS data from Europe, Egypt, China and the USA (n=72) in the largest comparative genomics study to date. We applied rigorous filters to exclude mixed infections and analysed a dataset from 141 isolates from the zoonotic groups IIa (n=119) and IId (n=22). Based on 28,047 high quality, biallelic genomic SNPs, we identified three distinct and strongly supported populations: isolates from China (IId) and Egypt (IIa and IId) formed population 1, a minority of European isolates (IIa and IId) formed population 2, while the majority of European (IIa, including all IIaA15G2R1 isolates) and all isolates from the USA (IIa) clustered in population 3. Based on analyses of the population structure, population genetics and recombination, we show that population 3 has recently emerged and expanded throughout Europe to then, possibly from the UK, reach the USA where it also expanded. In addition, genetic exchanges between different populations led to the formation of mosaic genomes. The reason(s) for the successful spread of population 3 remained elusive, although genes under selective pressure uniquely in this population were identified.

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Association of Common Zoonotic Pathogens With Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Cited by 23 publications

References 143 publications

Sympatric Recombination in Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Leads to Emergence of Populations with Modified Host Preference

Sympatric Recombination in Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Leads to Emergence of Populations with Modified Host Preference

Avian Pathogens: Editorial and the Perspectives of Research

Comparative genomics reveals the emergence of an outbreak-associatedCryptosporidium parvumpopulation in Europe and its spread to the USA

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