ASSOCIATION OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION AND ELEVATED PLASMA-C5a WITH ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Hammerschmidt, Dale E.; Hudson, Leonard D.; Camporota, Luigi; Craddock, Philip R.; Jacob, Harry S.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)91403-8

Cited by 535 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most important cells involvedin such inflammation-associated tissue damage are the neutrophils. Granulocytes have been implicated as playing a key role in the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome [32,33], even though recent data suggest that this syndrome can also develop in neutropenic individuals [34]. In other situations granulocytic enzymes may develop their harmful activity in conjunction with microbial enzymes, a mechanism that has been documented in the bronchial system of children with cystic fibrosis colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Granulocytes on Brain Edema, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Lactate and Protein in Experimental Meningitis

Täuber

Borschberg²,

Sande³

1988

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Brain water content (brain edema), intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of lactate and protein increased significantly during 24 h of experimental meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, but changes were similar in normal and neutropenic rabbits. In sterile meningitis induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), low and high doses of fMLP were equally effective in inducing CSF pleocytosis, whereas only high doses of fMLP caused brain edema. High doses of fMLP injected intracisternally during pneumococcal meningitis also increased brain water content. The fMLP did not significantly increase intracranial pressure or CSF concentrations of lactate or protein in sterile or pneumococcal meningitis, nor did it cause brain edema in neutropenic animals. Thus, granulocytes may contribute to brain edema during meningitis if adequately stimulated, but intracranial pressure and CSF protein and lactate concentrations appear independent of granulocytes. Stimulation does not appear to occur early in meningitis, when granulocytes were without effect on brain edema.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Granulocytes on Brain Edema, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Lactate and Protein in Experimental Meningitis

Täuber

Borschberg²,

Sande³

1988

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…c) In contrast, pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis had a median plasma C5a concentration higher than normal pregnant women (median 20.1 ng/ml, range 9.7 -61.8 ng/ml versus median 12.3 ng/ml, range 1.5 -87.1 ng/ml; p 5 0.001). [22,23]. Indeed, C5a is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage [62] and plasma [22] of patients with this condition.…”

Section: Normal Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[22,23]. Indeed, C5a is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage [62] and plasma [22] of patients with this condition. Furthermore, the administration of antiC5a improved the outcome of sepsis and ARDS in animal models [23,63,64,65].…”

Section: Normal Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 90%

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Increased concentration of the complement split product C5a in acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy

Soto

Richani

Romero

et al. 2005

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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Objective. Pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) more frequently than non-pregnant women. The reasons for this remain unknown. The complement system is a complex set of selfassembling proteins that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ARDS and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to determine if activation of the complement system occurs in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of C3a, C4a and C5a (i.e., complement split products) in pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis (n = 38) and normal pregnant women (n = 38). The complement split products C3a, C4a and C5a were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. Results. 1) The median plasma concentration of C5a in pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant women (p 5 0.001); 2) there was no statistical difference in the median plasma concentration of C3a and C4a between the two groups (p 4 0.05); and 3) concentrations of C3a, C4a and C5a were not different among patients with acute pyelonephritis with and without bacteremia. Conclusions. 1) Pyelonephritis in pregnant women is associated with an increased plasma concentration of C5a, but not C3a and C4a; and 2) an excess of C5a can predispose pregnant women to develop ARDS and multi-organ failure in pyelonephritis. This finding may have clinical implications since blocking C5a improves ARDS in experimental sepsis.

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“…Furthermore, several lines of evidence have implicated a major role for complement activation in the mediation and/or perpetuation of acute lung inflammatory injury observed in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, a neutrophil-stimulating factor, apparently C5-derived, has been reported to be present in the plasma of ARDS patients (13). The lung injury associated with sepsis in animal models of ARDS, either in guinea pigs or mice, was found to be complement and neutrophil dependent (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological effects of short-term, high-concentration exposure to methyl isocyanate. VI. In vitro and in vivo complement activation studies.

Kolb¹,

Savary²,

Troup³

et al. 1987

Environ Health Perspect

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The ability of MIC to induce complement activation in vitro and in vivo was investigated. For the in vitro studies, both human and guinea pig serum or EDTA-plasma samples were exposed to 1167 to 1260 ppm MIC vapor for 15 min at room temperature. The human serum samples exposed to MIC showed significant reductions in Factor B, C2, C4, C3, C5, and total hemolytic complement CH50 activity levels. C6 functional activity was unaffected. The C3, C5, and CH50 functional activities in guinea pig serum (the only functional tests conducted on these samples) were more sensitive to MIC-mediated reduction than the corresponding activity reductions observed in the human serum samples. The human and single guinea pig EDTA-plasma samples exposed to MIC vapor showed no evidence of C3 consumption but did show significant reductions in CH50 levels. Thus, MIC vapor was able to activate, and thereby reduce serum complement C3 activity in vitro by a complement-dependent process. However, the data suggest at least one complement component other than C3 was inactivated in EDTA-plasma by a complement-independent mechanism.For the in vivo studies, five pairs of guinea pigs were exposed to 644 to 702 ppm MIC vapor until one of the pair died (11-15 min). MIC exposure was then discontinued, the surviving guinea pig was sacrificed, and EDTA-plasma was obtained from both animals and analyzed for complement consumption. Clear evidence was obtained to indicate that complement activation had occurred in these animals exposed to MIC for 11 to 15 min. In addition, the complement activation profile observed in these guinea pigs was qualitatively similar to that seen in the guinea pig serum samples exposed to MIC vapor in vitro. The total protein concentration present in plasma samples obtained from guinea pigs that had died from MIC exposure was elevated significantly (p < 0.05) above the total protein concentration present in plasma samples obtained from these same animals before MIC exposure or from paired animals which had not died (sacrificed) from MIC exposure. The possible contribution of complement activation to the fatal reaction(s) observed in these MIC-treated animals is discussed.

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ASSOCIATION OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION AND ELEVATED PLASMA-C5a WITH ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Cited by 535 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of Granulocytes on Brain Edema, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Lactate and Protein in Experimental Meningitis

Influence of Granulocytes on Brain Edema, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Lactate and Protein in Experimental Meningitis

Increased concentration of the complement split product C5a in acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy

Biological effects of short-term, high-concentration exposure to methyl isocyanate. VI. In vitro and in vivo complement activation studies.

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