Association of cord blood levels of lead, arsenic, and zinc with neurodevelopmental indicators in newborns: A birth cohort study in Chitwan Valley, Nepal

Parajuli, Rajendra Prasad; Fujiwara, Takeo; Umezaki, Masahiro; Watanabe, Chiho

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.10.010

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Conversely, studies evaluating the impact of arsenic exposure only in utero fail to show consistent cognitive deficits. Analysis of arsenic in cord blood one day after birth (1.33 μg/L) and subsequent behavioral assessment (Brazelton Scale) showed an inverse correlation between arsenic levels and neurodevelopment in newborns in Nepal [23]. Yet, an early-life longitudinal study of pre- and postnatal arsenic exposure reported no significant correlations between maternal or child arsenic levels and psychomotor and mental development index assessments, behavior, or the maternal report of language acquisition in 18 month old children [24].…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review

Tyler

Allan

2014

Curr Envir Health Rpt

431

233

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Arsenic toxicity is a worldwide health concern as several millions of people are exposed to this toxicant via drinking water, and exposure affects almost every organ system in the body including the brain. Recent studies have shown that even low concentrations of arsenic impair neurological function, particularly in children. This review will focus on the current epidemiological evidence of arsenic neurotoxicity in children and adults, with emphasis on cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits and mood disorders. We provide a cohesive synthesis of the animal studies that have focused on neural mechanisms of dysfunction after arsenic exposure including altered epigenetics; hippocampal function; glucocorticoid and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) pathway signaling; glutamatergic, cholinergic and monoaminergic signaling; adult neurogenesis; and increased Alzheimer’s-associated pathologies. Finally, we briefly discuss new studies focusing on therapeutic strategies to combat arsenic toxicity including the use of selenium and zinc.

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Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, determining the effect of one metal in isolation is quite difficult. In several studies, the concentration of lead in blood, urine, or water (while low), still positively correlates with arsenic levels [23]. Lead in particular is a known toxicant imparting severe neurotoxic effects on the brain especially in children.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review

Tyler

Allan

2014

Curr Envir Health Rpt

431

233

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“…Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the brain and bone lead levels observed in rats treated with 15 or 20 mg lead acetate. Given the neurotoxic effects of lead (Parajuli et al, 2013), this melatonin-induced reduction of brain lead levels can be considered an advantageous effect. Furthermore, the reduction of bone lead levels may reduce the risk of lead exposure (i.e., mobilization), during times of increased calcium demand, such as growth or pregnancy (Jamieson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Melatonin reduces lead levels in blood, brain and bone and increases lead excretion in rats subjected to subacute lead treatment

et al. 2015

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“…To date, the evidence is inconclusive. Using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale III, Parajuli et al [42] found that the scores of Nepalese infants on one cluster of items (state regulation) were inversely related to arsenic, although scores on the other 6 clusters (habituation, orientation, motor system, state organization, autonomic stability, reflexes) were not. The prospective study of Bangladeshi children [37,38] found no significant associations between arsenic biomarkers and examiner ratings of infant behavior (activity, emotional tone, response to examiner, cooperation, vocalization) at 7 or 18 months of age.…”

Section: Most Sensitive Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Arsenic Exposure and Children’s Neurodevelopment: A Review of the Evidence

Bellinger

2013

Toxics

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Experimental studies suggest a myriad of mechanisms by which inorganic arsenic can interfere with central nervous system development, and, indeed, epidemiological studies published in the last dozen years suggest that exposure to arsenic impairs children's cognitive development. Most of the studies have been conducted in developing countries (e.g., Bangladesh, India, Mexico), where exposure to arsenic is thought to be considerably higher than it is in developed countries. This review summarizes the results of these studies, focusing in particular on issues pertinent to risk assessment, including the existence of critical windows of vulnerability, characteristics of the dose-effect relationships (e.g., the lowest adverse effect level, the functional form), the most sensitive neurodevelopmental endpoints, and potential effect modifiers such as host characteristics (e.g., methylation efficiency, sex) and co-exposures to other neurotoxicants (e.g., lead, manganese). At present, the epidemiological data do not permit firm conclusions to be drawn regarding these issues. Several factors that complicate an effort to compare the results of studies are identified, including use of a variety of indices of external and internal exposure, and inconsistency in the measurement of important potential confounders for neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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Association of cord blood levels of lead, arsenic, and zinc with neurodevelopmental indicators in newborns: A birth cohort study in Chitwan Valley, Nepal

Cited by 86 publications

References 80 publications

The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review

The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review

Melatonin reduces lead levels in blood, brain and bone and increases lead excretion in rats subjected to subacute lead treatment

Inorganic Arsenic Exposure and Children’s Neurodevelopment: A Review of the Evidence

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