Association of Corpus Callosum Development With Fetal Growth Restriction and Maternal Preeclampsia or Gestational Hypertension

Abstract

IMPORTANCEIt remains unknown whether neurodevelopmental impairments are directly associated with the structural development of the brain in offspring with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and mothers with preeclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH). OBJECTIVES To assess whether fetal corpus callosum (CC) development differed among pregnancies with PE or GH with FGR, pregnancies with PE or GH without FGR, and normotensive pregnancies, particularly the severity of maternal disease and FGR, and to identify the association between adverse perinatal outcomes and structural development of the CC in fetuses with FGR in pregnancies with PE or GH.

Correlation of abnormal brain changes with perinatal factors in very preterm infants based on diffusion tensor imaging

“…Factors associated with white matter microstructure included the APGAR score, hypertension, and infection. Gestational hypertension affected the development of white matter microstructure in infants, and many studies supported this view (Xing et al, 2021 ; Zheng et al, 2022 ). As the severity of gestational hypertension increased, the degree and extent of brain damage in preterm infants gradually increased, as did the inflammatory response.…”

Does diabetes mellitus affect the development of fetal brain structures and spaces including corpus callosum, subarachnoid space, insula, and parieto‐occipital fissure?

“…The examination of prenatal brain development has been conducted by the imaging modalities of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and using animal models in several obstetrical conditions, such as preeclampsia, growth retardation, and fetal cardiac abnormalities. [21][22][23][24] On the other hand, although the investigation of the effect of DM on fetal brain development is mainly limited to MRI 13 and animal models, 25 there have been a few studies conducted with ultrasound in recent years. 26,27 The results of existing and current research, including ultrasonographic measurements of different brain regions, suggest that DM may have a potential impact on fetal brain development.…”

Structural brain correlates of non‐verbal cognitive ability in 5‐year‐old children: Findings from the FinnBrain birth cohort study

“…Additionally, some factors that could potentially affect the results, as they all have been shown to covary with both cognitive ability and brain metrics, were explored in sensitivity analyses: maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI; Edlow, 2017; Li et al, 2016; Na et al, 2021; Ou et al, 2015; Shapiro et al, 2020), alcohol exposure in utero (mothers who continued to use alcohol after they learned about the pregnancy excluded; Archibald et al, 2001; Chasnoff et al, 2015; Donald et al, 2015; Nardelli et al, 2011), tobacco exposure in utero (mothers with any tobacco use during pregnancy excluded; Chang et al, 2016; El Marroun et al, 2014; Fried et al, 2003; Knickmeyer et al, 2016), preterm birth (participants born before GW 37 excluded; Aylward, 2014; Brydges et al, 2018; Jeong et al, 2016; Jha, Xia, Ahn, et al, 2018; Kapellou et al, 2006; Knickmeyer et al, 2016), prenatal distress (a sum of depressive and anxiety symptoms measured with the Finnish versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox et al, 1987) and the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90; Derogatis, 1994), respectively, from GW 14, 24, and 34)(Davis et al, 2020; Laplante et al, 2004), postnatal distress (a sum of depressive and anxiety symptoms measured with EPDS and SCL‐90, respectively, at child ages 3 and 6 months)(Koutra et al, 2013; Lebel et al, 2016; Sharp et al, 1995; Zou et al, 2019), and paternal education level (classified the same way as maternal education; González et al, 2020; Jha, Xia, Ahn, et al, 2018; Knickmeyer et al, 2016). Additionally, three different early life markers for potentially abnormal development were explored: 5 min Apgar score (Aoki et al, 2020; Hong & Lee, 2018), pregnancy complications (mothers with any complications excluded; Koparkar et al, 2021; Tuovinen et al, 2014; Xuan et al, 2020; Zheng et al, 2022), and stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; those with NICU stay excluded; Aoki et al, 2020).…”

“…Based on previous studies and our own previous work on this age group (Silver et al, 2022) Additionally, some factors that could potentially affect the results, as they all have been shown to covary with both cognitive ability and brain metrics, were explored in sensitivity analyses: maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; Edlow, 2017;Li et al, 2016;Na et al, 2021;Ou et al, 2015;Shapiro et al, 2020), alcohol exposure in utero (mothers who continued to use alcohol after they learned about the pregnancy excluded; Archibald et al, 2001;Chasnoff et al, 2015;Donald et al, 2015;Nardelli et al, 2011) Derogatis, 1994), respectively, from GW 14, 24, and 34) (Davis et al, 2020;Laplante et al, 2004), postnatal distress (a sum of depressive and anxiety symptoms measured with EPDS and SCL-90, respectively, at child ages 3 and 6 months) (Koutra et al, 2013;Lebel et al, 2016;Sharp et al, 1995;Zou et al, 2019), and paternal education level (classified the same way as maternal education; González et al, 2020;Knickmeyer et al, 2016). Additionally, three different early life markers for potentially abnormal development were explored: 5 min Apgar score (Aoki et al, 2020;Hong & Lee, 2018), pregnancy complications (mothers with any complications excluded; Koparkar et al, 2021;Tuovinen et al, 2014;Xuan et al, 2020;Zheng et al, 2022), and stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; those with NICU stay excluded; Aoki et al, 2020).…”