Association of COVID-19 with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) may lead to a wide range of post-acute sequelae outcomes, including new onset of diabetes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes in survivors of COVID-19. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the World Health Organization Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease and clinical trial registries for studies reporting the association of COVID-19 and diabetes. Search dates were December 2019–October 16, 2022. Two investigators independently assessed studies for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We estimated the effect of COVID-19 on incident diabetes by random-effects meta-analyses using the generic inverse variance method. We identified 8 eligible studies consisting of 4,270,747 COVID-19 patients and 43,203,759 controls. Median age was 43 years (interquartile range, IQR 35–49), and 50% were female. COVID-19 was associated with a 66% higher risk of incident diabetes (risk ratio, 1.66; 95% CI 1.38; 2.00). The risk was not modified by age, sex, or study quality. The median risk of bias assessment was 7. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, COVID-19 was associated with higher risk for developing new onset diabetes among survivors. Active monitoring of glucose dysregulation after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is warranted.

Incident autoimmune diseases in association with a SARS-CoV-2 infection: A matched cohort study

“…There is growing consensus regarding the relevance of long-term studies on this matter [23, 38]. Two recently conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses for example show the association between diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 infection and conclude that the excess risk of type 1 diabetes is small but relevant from a public health perspective although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated in order to prove a causal relationship [39, 40]. Results of the present study regarding the excess risk of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in relation to documented SARS-CoV-2 infection are in line with these previous findings.…”

Patients with Diabetes Experienced More Serious and Protracted Sickness from the COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective Study

“…A review of meta-analyses of various studies has shown that there is an association between COVID-19 and diabetic patients. The existence of chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), acute kidney injury (AKI), underlying cardiac illness, advanced age, smoking and elevated BMI are additional variables that have been linked to poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients [ 18 ]. In a study conducted by the Chinese CDC, it was found that diabetics had a higher case fatality rate of 7.3%, in contrast to 2.3% in patients without diabetes.…”

COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome

“…Several studies reported increased incidence of diabetes among individuals after developing COVID-19 [44] . However, a more recent study showed that the incidence of new onset diabetes after COVID-19 is not significantly greater than its incidence after any other type of pneumonia [45] .…”