Association of Culturable-Virus Detection and Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, California and Tennessee, 2020–2022

Deyoe, Jessica E.; Kelly, John D.; Grijalva, Carlos G; Bonenfant, Gaston; Lu, Scott; Anglin, Khamal; Garcia-Knight, Miguel; Pineda-Ramirez, Jesus; Hagen, Melissa Briggs; Saydah, Sharon; Abedi, Glen R.; Goldberg, Sarah A; Tassetto, Michel; Zhang, Amethyst; Donohue, Kevin C.; Davidson, Michelle; Sanchez, Ruth Diaz; Djomaleu, Manuella; Mathur, Sujata; Shak, Joshua R.; Deeks, Steven G.; Peluso, Michael J.; Chiu, Charles Y.; Zhu, Yuwei; Halasa, Natasha; Chappell, James D.; Mellis, Alexandra M.; Reed, Carrie; Andino, Raul; Martin, Jeffrey N.; Zhou, Bin; Talbot, H. Keipp; Midgley, Claire M; Rolfes, Melissa A

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad018

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Perhaps this could be attributable to higher viral load in index cases responsible for onward transmission in the household. This is consistent with a household transmission study in the US in A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t which levels of viral culture positivity in index cases were correlated with the risk of infection of in other household members [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Role of Children in Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Across Four Waves of the Pandemic

Fuller

Bastos

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Background It is important to understand the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in close-contact settings such as households. We hypothesized that children would most often acquire SARS-CoV-2 from a symptomatic adult caregiver. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted from April 2020 to July 2022 in a low-resource, urban settlement in Brazil. We recruited families who brought their children to a public clinic. We collected nasopharyngeal and oral swabs from household members and tracked symptoms and vaccination. Results In total, 1,256 participants in 298 households were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 4073 RT-PCR tests were run with 893 SARS-CoV-2 positive results (21.9%). SARS-CoV-2 cases were defined as isolated cases (n=158) or well-defined transmission events (n=175). The risk of household transmission was lower if the index case was a child (OR: 0.3 [95% CI: 0.16-0.55], p<0.001) or was vaccinated (OR: 0.29 [95%CI: 0.1-0.85], p=0.024), and higher if the index was symptomatic (OR: 2.53 [95% CI: 1.51-4.26], p<0.001). The secondary attack rate for child index cases to child contacts was 0.29, whereas the secondary attack rate from adult index cases to child contacts was 0.47 (p=0.08). Conclusions In this community, children were significantly less infectious to their household contacts than adolescents or adults. Most children were infected by a symptomatic adult, usually their mother. There was a double benefit of vaccination as it protected the vaccinee from severe illness and prevented onward transmission to household contacts. Our findings may also be valid for similar populations throughout Latin America.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Role of Children in Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Across Four Waves of the Pandemic

Fuller

Bastos

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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“…While previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between viral culture positivity and SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, culture status at the time of infection and during illness is not available [ 4 ]. Our findings affirm that certain symptoms can provide information for infectiousness and could be used to guide isolation to mitigate transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, studies looking at the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 viral culture positivity and SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission are scarce. However, within a household setting, we have previously shown that there may be an increased risk of secondary infection among household contacts when primary cases are culture positive for longer than 5 days after illness onset [ 4 ]. Viral culture positivity may be a proxy for infectiousness, underscoring the importance of understanding how symptoms are associated with viral culture positivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Symptoms and Viral Culture Positivity for SARS‐CoV‐2—Tennessee, April–July 2020

Biddle,

Bonenfant,

Grijalva

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundUnderstanding how symptoms are associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 culture positivity is important for isolation and transmission control guidelines.MethodsIndividuals acutely infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Tennessee and their household contacts were recruited into a prospective study. All participants self‐collected nasal swabs daily for 14 days and completed symptom diaries from the day of illness onset through day 14 postenrollment. Nasal specimens were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 using RT‐qPCR. Positive specimens with cycle threshold values < 40 were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for viral culture. First, we modeled the association between symptoms and the risk of culture positivity using an age‐adjusted generalized additive model (GAM) accounting for repeated measurements within participants and a symptom‐day spline. Next, we investigated how timing of symptom resolution was associated with the timing of culture resolution.ResultsIn a GAM restricted to follow‐up days after symptoms began, the odds of a specimen being culture positive was significantly increased on days when wheezing, loss of taste or smell, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, fever, or any symptom were reported. For all symptoms except sore throat, it was more common for participants to have culture resolution before symptom resolution than for culture to resolve after or on the same day as symptom resolution.ConclusionsOverall, symptomatic individuals were more likely to be SARS‐CoV‐2 viral culture positive. For most symptoms, culture positivity was more likely to end before symptoms resolved. However, a proportion of individuals remained culture positive after symptom resolved, across all symptoms.

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Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Culturable Virus in Tears of a Case-Ascertained Household Cohort

SO,

GOLDBERG,

et al. 2024

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Association of Culturable-Virus Detection and Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, California and Tennessee, 2020–2022

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

The Role of Children in Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Across Four Waves of the Pandemic

The Role of Children in Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Across Four Waves of the Pandemic

Association of Symptoms and Viral Culture Positivity for SARS‐CoV‐2—Tennessee, April–July 2020

Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Culturable Virus in Tears of a Case-Ascertained Household Cohort

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