Association of Cycling with Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Zhao, Yang; Hu, Fulan; Feng, Yifei; Yang, Xingjin; Yang, Li; Guo, Chunmei; Li, Quanman; Tian, Gang; Qie, Ranran; Han, Minghui; Huang, Shengbing; Wu, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Yanyan; Wu, Yuying; Liu, Dechen; Zhang, Dongdong; Cheng, Cheng; Zhang, Ming; Yang, Yongli; Shi, Xiaoguang; Lu, Jie; Hu, Dongsheng

doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01452-7

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Cycling further mitigates the risk factor profile for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [6] and lowers the risk for CVD incidence and CVD mortality in both men and women [7]. A dose-response relationship between cycling and all-cause mortality has been observed [8], and any cycling is recommended. The health benefits of cycling have been observed to be 21 times higher than the risk of injuries and 238 times higher than the risk of mortality alone [9], and the economic benefit is five times larger than the cost of building new cycle infrastructure [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Nordengen

Andersen

Riiser

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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National and international strategies and recommendations are intended to increase physical activity in the general population. Active transportation is included in interdisciplinary strategies to meet these recommendations. Cycling seems to be more health enhancing than walking for transportation since cycling seems to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors. Furthermore, the health benefits of cycling are proven to outrun the risk of injuries and mortality. Politicians seem to approve costly infrastructure strategies to increase the amount of cycling in the population to improve public health and shift to more sustainable travel habits. A linear relationship between cycle-friendly infrastructure and the amount of commuter cycling has been demonstrated. However, in Norway and on a global level, there is a lack of robust evaluations of actions and sensitive monitoring systems to observe possible change. Therefore, we aimed to develop the Norwegian bike traffic index and describe the national, regional, and local trends in counted cycle trips. We used a transparent methodology so that the index can be used, developed, and adapted in other countries. We included 89 stationary counters from the whole country. Counters monitored cycling from 2018 onward. The index is organized at local, regional, and national levels. Furthermore, the index is adjusted for population density at the counter level and presented as ratio of counted cycle trips, comparing 2018 to subsequent years. The index is presented as a percentage change with 95% confidence intervals. In Norway, counted cycle trips increased by 11% from 2018 (100, 100–100) to 2020 (111.0, 106.2–115.1), with large geographical differences. In Southern Norway, there was a significant increase of 23%, and in Northern Norway, there was a nonsignificant decrease by 8% from 2018 to 2020. The indices may indicate possible related effects of local to national cycling strategies and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Norwegian travel habits in urban areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Nordengen

Andersen

Riiser

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Lastly, the parameters that appeared to have the largest impact on our results was the RR considered for bike (and consequently for E-bike as we maintained the same ratio for physical activity between bike and E-bike as in the main analysis). Using the more favourable value recently reported in the meta-analysis by Zhao et al 28 leads to approximately doubling the estimates of health benefits, be it in terms of death prevented, YLL prevented, or life expectancy gain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We conducted several alternative analyses in order to assess the sensitivity of our results to specific parameters values or assumptions. The various alternative assessments we conducted considered : i) no age difference between classical bike and E-bike users; ii) a ratio of MET.hour of 0.78 for the physical activity required for an E-bike vs a classical bike, as assumed by Bouscasse et al; 28 iii) an age limit of 75 years above which physical activity doesn't decrease the mortality risk ; iv) a reduction by 19% (95% CI: 9% -29%) of the risk of mortality for an exposure of 11.25 MET.hour.week -1 , as recently documented by the meta-analysis by Zhao et al, 29 that we also used to scale the risk reduction for E-bike.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 88%

Assessing the health benefits of physical activity due to active commuting in a French energy transition scenario

Barban

Nazelle

Chatelin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Energy transition scenarios are prospective outlooks describing combinations of changes in socio-economic systems that are compatible with climate targets. These changes could have important short-term health co-benefits. We aimed to quantify the health benefits of physical activity caused by active transportation on all-cause mortality in the French negaWatt energy transition scenario over the 2021-2050 period. Methods We conducted a heath impact assessment of increased walking, cycling and E-biking projected in the negaWatt scenario. Time-varying mileage of walking and cycling projected by the scenario were distributed across the French population according to various hypotheses up to 2050. We quantified the number of premature death and years of life lost (YLL) prevented by increased physical activity. Health benefits were monetised based on the value of statistical year of life. Results The negaWatt scenario assumes increases of walking and cycling volumes of +11% and +612%, respectively, over the study period. As compared to a scenario with no volume increase, we quantified that the negaWatt scenario would prevent 9,797 annual premature deaths in 2045 and generate 34 billion euros of economic benefits from 2045 onwards; cumulatively over the study period, it would prevent 215,000 premature deaths and generate 696 billion euros of benefits. In 2045, health benefits would translate into a 3-month increase of life expectancy in the general population. Conclusions Increased physical activity implied in the negaWatt transition scenario would generate substantial public health benefits, which are comparable to the gain expected by large scale health prevention interventions.

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“…Lastly, the parameters that appeared to have the largest impact on our results was the RR considered for health impact of biking (and consequently for E-bike as we maintained the same ratio for physical activity between bike and E-bike as in the main analysis). Using the more favourable value recently reported in the meta-analysis by Zhao et al [ 29 ] leads to approximately doubling the estimates of health benefits, be it in terms of death prevented, YLL prevented, or life expectancy gain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conducted several alternative analyses to assess the sensitivity of our results to specific parameters values or assumptions. The various alternative assessments we conducted considered: i) no age difference between classical bike and E-bike users; ii) a ratio of MET.hour of 0.78 for the physical activity required for an E-bike vs. a classical bike, as assumed by Bouscasse et al [ 28 ]; iii) an age limit of 75 years above which physical activity doesn’t decrease the mortality risk; iv) a reduction by 19% (95% CI: 9%–29%) of the risk of mortality for an exposure of 11.25 MET hour week −1 , as recently documented by the meta-analysis by Zhao et al [ 29 ], which we also used to scale the risk reduction for E-bike.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessing the Health Benefits of Physical Activity Due to Active Commuting in a French Energy Transition Scenario

Barban

Nazelle²,

Chatelin³

et al. 2022

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: Energy transition scenarios are prospective outlooks describing combinations of changes in socio-economic systems that are compatible with climate targets. These changes could have important health co-benefits. We aimed to quantify the health benefits of physical activity caused by active transportation on all-cause mortality in the French negaWatt scenario over the 2021–2050 period.Methods; Relying on a health impact assessment framework, we quantified the health benefits of increased walking, cycling and E-biking projected in the negaWatt scenario. The negaWatt scenario assumes increases of walking and cycling volumes of +11% and +612%, respectively, over the study period.Results: As compared to a scenario with no increase in volume of active travel, we quantified that the negaWatt scenario would prevent 9,797 annual premature deaths in 2045 and translate into a 3-month increase in life expectancy in the general population. These health gains would generate €34 billion of economic benefits from 2045 onwards.Conclusion: Increased physical activity implied in the negaWatt transition scenario would generate substantial public health benefits, which are comparable to the gain expected by large scale health prevention interventions.

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Association of Cycling with Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Assessing the health benefits of physical activity due to active commuting in a French energy transition scenario

Assessing the Health Benefits of Physical Activity Due to Active Commuting in a French Energy Transition Scenario

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