Association of Cytokine TNF-? in Development of Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract

Osteo-Arthritis (OA) is a disease of joints affecting the normal functions of joint and causes physical disability. Many factors are responsible for development of osteoarthritis including over age, obesity, gender, drug abuse, over load on joints and genetic factors. OA causes health problems and impairs the quality of life with increased economic burden across the world. Apart from the pro-inflammatory role of cytokine Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in osteoarthritis, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is also involved in the progression of osteoarthritis. Members of TNF family are secreted from lymphocytes and natural killer cells but in OA patients it is also secreted from chondrocyte cells to influence the catabolic processes in Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) by inducing the activity of matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs). In promoter region, most of the Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNF-α located on -863, -857, -308, and -238. These SNPs are involved in various diseases including OA, rheumatoid Arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus etc. Significance association of SNP -G308A of the TNF-α gene in OA has been observed in various studies. Aim of this mini review is to conclude the fundamental roles of TNF-α cytokine in patients with OA.

The Effect of the Alcoholic Essence of <i>Laurus nobilis L.</i> on Pro-inflammatoiry Cytokine Gene Expression in Synoviocytes and Macrophage/Monocyte

“…Laurel alcoholic essences help reduce the expression and production of these inflammatory mediators in the cells under study. The effects of odorous LAUREL alcoholic essences evaluation on both BFLS and THP-1 cell types have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of odorous LAUREL alcoholic essences, which is not limited to cartilage cells but affects monocyte/macrophage cells associated with the synovial membrane Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of Laurel alcoholic essences in reducing cytokine gene expression and inflammation along with the side effects of chemical treatments such as dexamethasone and ibuprofen in the treatment of OA, the use of Laurel alcoholic essences in the treatment of OA can be a good alternative [52,53].…”

The role of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the progression of osteoarthritis

“…The receptor antagonist IL-1Ra is produced by some cells of the joint and can link with IL-1R1 and IL-1R2. This bonding blocks their linkage with IL-1β thereby affecting the reduction of the activity of IL-1β to some extent [ 68 , 69 ]. In OA patients there is an enhanced expression of IL-1R1 on the surface of chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) [ 70 , 71 ].…”