Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Disorders: An Adipocytokines Prospective

Abstract

The world health organization (WHO) reported the prevalence of diabetes is 8.5% and The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reported the prevalence of thyroid disorders; hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism to be 4.6% and 1.3% respectively. These two endocrinopathies often coincide and commonly affect each other due to shared atypical biochemical pathways, abnormal hormonal action and aberrant expression of several genes. The various adipocytokines may control the metabolic pathways, feeding, neuro-endocrine secretion, thermogenesis and even immunity. The dysfunctional adipocytokine pathways have been noted to be key etiological cause for different metabolic syndromes and obesity-related disorders. Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus, both of them known for variation in body weight, insulin sensitivity, adipocyte metabolism and altered secretion of adipocytokines. The variance in adipocytokines in both aforesaid endocrinopathies may be the causative agents for respective idiosyncrasy. In this review article we emphasized the role of adipocytokines on diabetes and thyroid disorders.

Effect of Methionine Addition to Soybean Meal Instead of Protein Concentrate in the Finisher Ration of Broiler

“…The cytokine IL-6 considered as pro-inflammatory cytokine, which can stimulate visfatin expression in vitro, and this cytokine is higher in patients with thyroid disorders. As a result, proinflammatory cytokines linked to thyroid dysfunction are likely to have an directly or indirectly effects on visfatin secrete from fat tissue (Mishra et al, 2018). Abdelsalam and Edrees, (2015) in their experiment on rats, they discovered irregular levels of adipokines, which they induced experimentally by administering propylthiouracil (0.05% in drinking water) and L-thyroxine (subcutaneous) for 3 weeks, as well as they found that hyperthyroid rats had a lower concentration of visfatin compared to controls.…”

“…Obese people showed to have lower value of ADP than lean people and the losing of weight increases plasma ADP values significantly. These factors can be linked to the regions promoter of various lipogenic genes including ADP and regulates the expression of ADP gene in differentiated adipocytes (Mishra et al, 2018).…”

MicroRNA‐29‐mediated cross‐talk between metabolic organs in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications: A narrative review

“…Recent investigations have shown that gastrointestinal incretin hormones, adipokines, specific amino acids, and fatty acids can influence pancreatic β-cell secretions. [60][61][62] Additionally, the impact of microRNA-29 in pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion has been elucidated in various studies. 55,56 As noted earlier, microRNA-29a is upregulated in β cells, adipocytes, and hepatocytes in response to hyperglycemic conditions.…”

“…The intricate regulation of hormone release from islet cells involves metabolic, endocrine, and paracrine mechanisms. Recent investigations have shown that gastrointestinal incretin hormones, adipokines, specific amino acids, and fatty acids can influence pancreatic β‐cell secretions 60–62 . Additionally, the impact of microRNA‐29 in pancreatic β‐cell proliferation and insulin secretion has been elucidated in various studies 55,56 .…”