Association of diet quality indices with serum and metabolic biomarkers in participants of the ORISCAV-LUX-2 study

Abstract

Purpose Diet quality is a critical modifiable factor related to health, including the risk of cardiometabolic complications. Rather than assessing the intake of individual food items, it is more meaningful to examine overall dietary patterns. This study investigated the adherence to common dietary indices and their association with serum/metabolic parameters of disease risk. Methods Dietary intakes of the general adult population (n = 1404, 25–79 years) were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire (174 items). The French ANSES-Ciqual food composition database was used to compute nutrient intakes. Seven indicators were calculated to investigate participants’ diet quality: the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score (DASH-S), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI), and Naturally Nutrient-Rich Score (NNRS). Various serum/metabolic parameters were used in the validity and association analyses, including markers of inflammation, blood glucose, and blood lipid status. Results Following linear regression models adjusted for confounders, the DASH-S was significantly associated with most metabolic parameters (14, e.g., inversely with blood pressure, triglycerides, urinary sodium, uric acid, and positively with serum vitamin D), followed by the DQI-I (13, e.g., total cholesterol, apo-A/B, uric acid, and blood pressure) and the AHEI (11, e.g., apo-A, uric acid, serum vitamin D, diastolic blood pressure and vascular age). Conclusion Food-group-based indices, including DASH-S, DQI-I, and AHEI, were good predictors for serum/metabolic parameters, while nutrient-based indices, such as the DAI or NNRS, were less related to biological markers and, thus, less suitable to reflect diet quality in a general population.

Pro- and Antioxidant Effect of Food Items and Matrices during Simulated In Vitro Digestion

“…Food items were chosen based on the frequency of consumption within Westernized diets and usability aspects regarding the experimental set-up and their expected contrasting pro-and antioxidant properties. Toward this end, we used data from two consecutive cross-sectional national surveys that were conducted in 2007–2008 and 2016–2017 that represent food consumption in Luxembourg [ 30 , 31 ]. The results of those studies [ 30 , 31 ] showed that dietary patterns in Luxembourg are becoming more Westernized in line with other European countries, including the intake of larger amounts of processed foods such as sausages, saturated fat, and high-sugar items such as white chocolate or soda.…”

“…Toward this end, we used data from two consecutive cross-sectional national surveys that were conducted in 2007–2008 and 2016–2017 that represent food consumption in Luxembourg [ 30 , 31 ]. The results of those studies [ 30 , 31 ] showed that dietary patterns in Luxembourg are becoming more Westernized in line with other European countries, including the intake of larger amounts of processed foods such as sausages, saturated fat, and high-sugar items such as white chocolate or soda. All food items were purchased from a local supermarket (Delhaize, Strassen, Luxembourg) and were used as sold (without further kitchen processes or other preparations).…”

Dietary patterns, uric acid levels, and hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 28 248 articles ( published between 2003 and 2023) were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (Table S1 †). After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and conducting full-text screening, 41 studies were included in this analysis with four cohort studies, [36][37][38][39] three case-control studies, 18,20,40 25 cross-sectional studies, 8,9,15,19,21,22,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and nine interventional studies. 16,17,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] The characteristics of the included studies are presented in Table 1.…”

Naturally nutrient rich (NNR) score and the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study

“…Several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of the NRS in evaluating nutrient density across different populations 18 19. NNR score examines the quantity of micronutrients based on guidelines and its primary purpose is to ensure adequate intake of micronutrients to improve the quality of diet 20. Due to the significance of energy intake in the assessment of the association between diseases and diet, in addition to nutrients, the total energy intake is taken accounted for in the NNR score calculation 21…”

“…Recently, some studies have been conducted on the relationship between the health outcomes and NNR score 16 20 22. However, few studies have been done on the association between different types of cancer and NNR score.…”