Association of dietary diversity score (DDS) and migraine headache severity among women

Healthy dietary indices and noncancer pain: a systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

“…The rest of the studies used different dietary assessment tools, including 24-hour dietary recalls (n 5 2), 21,67 dietary screener questionnaires (n 5 1), 23 dietary habits questionnaires (DHQ) (n 5 2), 47,48 24-hour dietary records (n 5 1), 49 and diet history (n 5 1). 56 Overall, 2 cross-sectional studies examined the Mediterranean diet; one used the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) 9 and one the alternative Mediterranean diet score (aMED) 75 ; 2 studies used the dietary inflammatory index (DII) 40,73 ; 2 the DHQ dietary score, 47,48 and the remaining 7 studies measured other indices, including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), 52 Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), 21 Diet Diversity Score, 41 plantbased diet index (PDI), 5 dietary guideline index, 20 diet quality score, 23 diet quality index, 67 or adherence to a dietary guideline 77 (Table 1).…”

“…Overall, of the 20 included studies, 10 studies (8 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal) reported an inverse association between adherence to the healthy dietary pattern or guideline and pain outcomes, 20,21,41,47,48,52,64,67,73,77 5 reported mixed results (3 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal), 5,40,56,75,80 and 5 reported no association (3 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal) 7,9,23,49,74 (Tables 1 and 2).…”

“…49 Regarding other dietary indices, we observed an overall trend toward an inverse association between higher diet quality and pain (6 of 8 studies). Six cross-sectional studies reported an inverse association between HEI-2010 and bodily pain, 21 Diet Diversity Score and DASH with headache, 41,52 DHQ with multiple sclerosis pain, 47,48 and Diet Quality Index with knee pain. 67 Two studies, one cross-sectional and one longitudinal, reported no association between diet quality score and multiple sclerosis pain 23 or between Healthy Diet Score and bodily pain.…”

“…The sample sizes ranged from 98 to 16,937 participants; of which, 51.6% to 100% were females; of note, of the 14 studies, 5 included only female patients. 5,40,41,52,67 Modified quality assessment criteria for cross-sectional studies are presented in Table S3 (available at http://links.lww.com/PAIN/B717). Overall, representativeness of 10 studies were unclear, and 12 studies lacked information on the response rate; 11 studies used a validated dietary assessment tool; only half of the included studies assessed the dietary pattern for more than a month; half of the studies used validated pain ascertainment methods, and most studies considered appropriate adjustment for their analysis.…”

“…Of the 14 cross-sectional studies, 10 aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and pain, 5,21,23,40,41,47,52,67,74,75 and the remaining studies investigated the relationship between dietary pattern or adherence to dietary guideline and quality of life, 9,77 health attributes, 48 or health outcomes 20 (Table S5, available at http://links.lww.com/ PAIN/B717).…”