Association of Dietary Intake Ratio of n-3/n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Breast Cancer Risk in Western and Asian Countries: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine association of dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk in Western and Asian countries. Methods: The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published research articles on association of dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with breast cancer risk in Western and Asian countries published between January 2000 and February 2019 in online article databases of PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO. Pooled risk ratios (RR) were calculated using fixed and random-effect models. Publication bias was visually evaluated by performing funnel plots and statistically assessed by Egger's and Begg's tests. Data were processed by using Stata version 14.2 (Stata Corporation). Results: This study reviewed 913 articles. There were 13 studies included in systematic review continued by meta-analysis of relevant data with total number of samples: 275,264 patients. The results showed dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs with breast cancer risk in Western and Asian countries (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.92-1.07). Dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs with breast cancer risk in Western countries reached (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.91-1.06) and there was any significant publication bias for studies included. Dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs with breast cancer risk in Asian countries reached (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.94-1.47) and there was not any significant publication bias for studies included. Conclusion: This analysis confirmed association of dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs with breast cancer risk in Western and Asian countries. Higher dietary intake ratio is associated with lower risk of breast cancer in Asian countries rather than Western countries. This study suggests increasing dietary intake ratio n-3/n-6 PUFAs will provide benefit for breast cancer prevention.

Serum Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk by Pathological Subtype

“…The relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and BC risk is more conflicting, and seems to depend on the contributing food source, such as olive oil and margarines [ 5 , 7 ]. On the other hand, higher consumption of marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) as well as elevated intake of n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio seem to exert a protective effect on this tumor [ 5 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. To assess the usual intake of fatty acids, these studies were based on commonly-used dietary questionnaires.…”

The Effect of Diet Supplementation with Pomegranate and Bitter Melon on Lipidomic Profile of Serum and Cancerous Tissues of Rats with Mammary Tumours

“…Evidence from meta-analyses of Yang et al [53] and Nindrea et al [54] clearly confirms that higher intake ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs is associated with lower risk of breast cancer among females, which implies breast cancer prevention and treatment might be possible through increasing dietary intake ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA. Additionally, Straka et al [55] and Maillard et al [56] observed increased accumulation of C20:5, c,c,c,c,c-∆5,8,11,14,17 and C22:6, c,c,c,c,c,c-∆4,7,10,13,16,19 in breast adipose tissue of women at high risk of breast cancer; the accumulation resulted from both diet supplementation and increased fish consumption.…”

GC analysis of different parts of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth for fatty acid composition

“…C18:2n6c: C18:3n3 ratio of 4:1 has proved to decrease overall mortality by 70 % (Simopoulos, 2002). However, an excessive amount of n-6 PUFAs, and a higher ratio of n-6:n-3 (16:1 or higher) have suggested triggering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and a few types of cancers and major depressive disorder whereas decreasing this ratio has shown suppressive effects (Rizos et al, 2012;Husted & Bouzinova, 2016;Nindrea et al, 2019). Among the samples studied, the calculated ratio for the plant seed was 4.75:1, which is slightly higher than the reported ratio (Simopoulos, 2002) and almost double the nutritionally recommended ratio of 2:1 (Simopoulos et al, 1999).…”