Association of Early-Stage Psoriasis With Smoking and Male Alcohol Consumption

National Psoriasis Foundation clinical consensus on psoriasis comorbidities and recommendations for screening

“…These risk factors have been attributed to behaviors such as obesity and smoking which are thought to be provoked by the psychosocial burden of the disease. [7][8][9][10][11][12] However, more recent studies have advanced our understanding of cardiovascular risk in psoriasis. Specifically, a large population-based study demonstrated an increased risk of MI in patients with psoriasis (particularly those with severe disease) even when accounting for major cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and diabetes.…”

Psoriasis and Vascular Disease—Risk Factors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…High quality publications found smoking to be an independent risk factor for psoriasis, with risk of psoriasis higher in exsmokers and current smokers than never smokers. 58,59 A marked dose-response relationship exists; the risk for development of psoriasis is highest for people smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day. 60 A similar dose-response relationship was confirmed for those smoking more than 15 cigarettes/day.…”

“…Naldi et al 59 1999 Risk for psoriasis was higher in ex-smokers and in current smokers than those who never smoked. Smoking was associated with pustular lesions with adjusted OR 10.5 for those smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day.…”

Psoriasis: epidemiology, natural history, and differential diagnosis

“…Data from analytic epidemiologic studies (eg, case-control and nested cohort studies) with appropriate control for confounding variables have identified multiple risk factors: smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, diet, infections, medications, and stressful life events. 1,3,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] One of the largest studies investigating the association of smoking and obesity with psoriasis was the Nurses' Health Study II. This study, which included a cohort of over 78,000 nurses from the US, demonstrated a "dose-response" relationship for obesity and smoking on the risk of developing incident psoriasis.…”