Association of eating while television viewing and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

Ghobadi, Saeed; Hassanzadeh-Rostami, Zahra; Salehi-Marzijarani, Mohammad; Bellissimo, Nick; Brett, Neil R.; Zepetnek, Julia O. Totosy de; Faghih, Shiva

doi:10.1111/obr.12637

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results showed that children who watched TV during meals consumed an average of 6% more energy from ultraprocessed foods than those who did not. These findings suggest that the cir- children (Buijzen, Schuurman, & Bomhof, 2008;Ghobadi et al, 2018;Liang et al, 2009 et al, 2017). There is evidence that even a brief exposure to advertising is enough for children to choose the food advertised (Borzekowski & Robinson, 2001;Buijzen et al, 2008), reinforcing such desire as long as the advertisement is repeated (Maia et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A recent systematic review showed that watching TV whilst eating is associated with lower quality of children's diets through higher consumption of sugary drinks and foods (Avery et al, ). Therefore, limiting consumption of food in front of the TV may reduce preference and consumption of ultraprocessed foods and thus improve the quality of the diet and reduce the risk of overweight, obesity, and other related NCDs in children (Buijzen, Schuurman, & Bomhof, ; Ghobadi et al, ; Liang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the population's dietary patterns, decrease in physical activity, and adoption of sedentary lifestyles have all been pointed out as major factors contributing to the increase in overweight rates (World Health Organization, a ). The increase in screen time and watching TV whilst eating have been pointed as risk factors for excessive weight gain in children in high‐ and middle‐income countries (Braithwaite et al, ; Ghobadi et al, ; Liang, Kuhle, & Veugelers, ). Studies suggest that this association occurs by influencing physical activity patterns (Dietz, ) and through other possible mechanisms related to changes in dietary patterns (Avery, Anderson, & McCullough, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…watching TV whilst eating have been pointed as risk factors for excessive weight gain in children in high-and middle-income countries (Braithwaite et al, 2013;Ghobadi et al, 2018;Liang, Kuhle, & Veugelers, 2009). Studies suggest that this association occurs by influencing physical activity patterns (Dietz, 2001) and through other possible mechanisms related to changes in dietary patterns (Avery, Anderson, & McCullough, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Martines

Machado

Neri

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess the association between watching TV whilst eating and consumption of ultraprocessed foods amongst children aged 4–10 years old in the United Kingdom. Cross‐sectional data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS 2008–2012) were analysed. Dietary data were derived from 4‐day food diaries of 1,277 children, and the dietary contribution of ultraprocessed foods was assessed. Meals were classified based on time of day in which foods were consumed (lunch: 11 pm–3 pm and dinner: 6 pm–9 pm). Crude and adjusted linear regression models were employed to verify the effect of watching TV during meals on dietary contribution of ultraprocessed foods (% of total energy intake). More than 70% of the children watched TV during meals, and 31.4% presented the behaviour on both “lunch and dinner.” Children's mean total energy intake was 1,532.3 kcal/day, of which 65.8% came from ultraprocessed foods. Findings indicated that children who watched TV whilst having both meals (lunch and dinner) consumed on average 85.5 kcal/day and 6.1% more energy from ultraprocessed foods than those who did not. Children who watched TV only during dinner consumed on average 37.1 kcal/day and 3.4% more energy from ultraprocessed foods than those who did not. The behaviour of watching TV whilst eating meals was associated with higher total daily consumption of ultraprocessed foods by children in the United Kingdom. Therefore, interventions designed to promote healthy eating habits should include aspects related to the context of meals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Martines

Machado

Neri

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is the first study to explore these associations in early childhood, and as such, a comparison of results with similarly aged children is not possible. In preschool‐aged and primary‐school‐aged children , evidence appears to support an association between watching TV during an evening meal and higher BMI, but evidence of equivalent associations for breakfast and lunch is sparse . We did consider that some meal‐specific relationships in our population may have been concealed because we incorporated a global measure of meals eaten when TV viewing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of TV Viewing Duration, Meals and Snacks Eaten When Watching TV, and a TV in the Bedroom with Child Adiposity

Collings

Kelly

West

et al. 2018

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the associations of TV parameters with adiposity in early life.MethodsData were collected as part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal birth cohort study. Child TV viewing duration was parent reported, and BMI, the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured at ~12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age in 1,338 children. Mixed effects models were used to quantify adjusted associations of TV viewing duration with adiposity markers, incorporating data from all time points. Linear regression was used to investigate differences in adiposity levels across frequencies of eating meals and snacks while watching TV at age ~24 months and between children who did and did not have a TV in their bedroom at age ~36 months.ResultsEvery 1 h/d of TV viewing was associated with a 0.075‐cm larger (95% CI: 0.0034‐0.15) waist circumference, independent of covariates including sleep duration, dietary factors, and physical activity level. There was no evidence for any other associations.ConclusionsTV viewing duration is independently associated with abdominal adiposity in young children. Limiting TV viewing from an early age may be important for primary prevention of obesity.

show abstract

Association of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Body Mass Index Among US Adolescents

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceThe Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report identified important research gaps to inform future guidance for adolescents, including limited evidence on the importance of sedentary behaviors (screen time) and their interactions with physical activity for adolescent health outcomes, including overweight and obesity.ObjectiveTo identify the independent associations of physical activity and screen time categories, and the interactions between physical activity and screen time categories, with body mass index (BMI) and overweight and obesity in adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study collected from September 10, 2018, to September 29, 2020. Data were analyzed from July 8 to December 20, 2022. A total of 5797 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years from 21 racially and ethnically diverse study sites across the US were included in the analysis.ExposuresCategories of total step count per day (with 1000 to 6000 steps per day indicating low, &gt;6000 to 12 000 steps per day indicating medium, and &gt;12 000 steps per day indicating high), as measured by a wearable digital device (Fitbit), and categories of self-reported screen time hours per day (with 0 to 4 hours per day indicating low, &gt;4 to 8 hours per day indicating medium, and &gt;8 hours per day indicating high).Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipant BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and converted into sex- and age-specific percentiles in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curves and definitions. Individuals were classified as having overweight or obesity if their BMI was in the 85th percentile or higher for sex and age.ResultsAmong 5797 adolescents included in the analytic sample, 50.4% were male, 61.0% were White, 35.0% had overweight or obesity, and the mean (SD) age was 12.0 (0.6) years. Mean (SD) reported screen time use was 6.5 (5.4) hours per day, and mean (SD) overall step count was 9246.6 (3111.3) steps per day. In models including both screen time and step count, medium (risk ratio [RR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.37) and high (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16-1.44) screen time categories were associated with higher overweight or obesity risk compared with the low screen time category. Medium (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.35) and low (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.51) step count categories were associated with higher overweight or obesity risk compared with the high step count category. Evidence of effect modification between screen time and step count was observed for BMI percentile. For instance, among adolescents with low screen use, medium step count was associated with a 1.55 higher BMI percentile, and low step count was associated with a 7.48 higher BMI percentile. However, among those with high screen use, step count categories did not significantly change the association with higher BMI percentile (low step count: 8.79 higher BMI percentile; medium step count: 8.76 higher BMI percentile; high step count: 8.26 higher BMI percentile).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, a combination of low screen time and high step count was associated with lower BMI percentile in adolescents. These results suggest that high step count may not offset higher overweight or obesity risk for adolescents with high screen time, and low screen time may not offset higher overweight or obesity risk for adolescents with low step count. These findings addressed several research gaps identified by the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report and may be used to inform future screen time and physical activity guidance for adolescents.

show abstract

Association of eating while television viewing and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Associations of TV Viewing Duration, Meals and Snacks Eaten When Watching TV, and a TV in the Bedroom with Child Adiposity

Association of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Body Mass Index Among US Adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About