Association of endothelial proliferation with the magnitude of weight loss during calorie restriction

Abstract

Direction and magnitude of changes in serum-induced endothelial cell proliferation identifies patients with the greatest weight loss in response to modest calorie restriction.

Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue: How can Moderate Caloric Restriction Affects Obesity-Related Endothelial Dysfunction?

“…They observed that patients with a "thrifty" phenotype (economic and energy saving) could distribute more energy for cell proliferation and lose less weight during CR, while patients with a "spendthrift" phenotype (wasteful and energy spending) would spend less energy for the cell proliferation and lost more weight after CR [91]. Accordingly, we observed that individuals who had lost more weight exhibited a decrease in cell proliferation (for quantitative data see [78]). We documented that a moderate CR in obese subjects changes the endothelial genes expression profile involved in the cell cycle [78].…”

“…Accordingly, we observed that individuals who had lost more weight exhibited a decrease in cell proliferation (for quantitative data see [78]). We documented that a moderate CR in obese subjects changes the endothelial genes expression profile involved in the cell cycle [78]. Similarly, Ellsworth et al have recently revealed significant changes in peripheral blood gene expression patterns, including those involved in cell cycle in obese patients undergoing intensive long-term lifestyle modifications.…”

“…Using ECs cultured in vitro in medium supplemented with serum taken from the obese patients before and after CR, we found a correlation between EC proliferation and weight loss after CR. This effect was especially apparent in male subjects [78]. The mechanisms underlying changes in EC angiogenic properties in response to dietary intervention are difficult to define unequivocally.…”

“…Severe obese patients with glucose intolerance treated with metformin and/or moderate CR not always reduced insulin concentration and HOMA levels [101,102]. EC proliferation in obese subjects is complex and cannot be explained by the effects of typical angiogenic factors as elevated level of insulin and VEGF [78]. Yamagishi et al performed an experiment showing that, despite higher VEGF level following insulin stimulation, no increase in VEGF receptor-mediated EC proliferation was observed.…”

“…In the next section, we would like to present the data of our studies where we investigated the effect of moderate CR on: (i) endothelial cell function especially involved in angiogenesis, (ii) production of adipokines, angiogenic and angiostatic factor and (iii) oxidative stress. Based on our previous studies that have already been published [78] and the data from the literature, we hypothesized that moderate CR, because it is not so burdensome and reflect a real-life situation, seems to be optimal to achieve an improvement of EC.…”