“…According to evaluations from some scientific institutions and advisory committees (World Health Organization and theUnited Nation Environment Programme (2013) [17], European Commission (2012) [18], and European Environment Agency (2012) [19]), the exposure to some EDs (dioxins (PCDDs), particularly 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and some solvents) might be a risk factor in the development of TC. Furthermore, other studies suggest that, in addition to the above-mentioned substances, chemicals and some heavy metals with an endocrine disrupting activity (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), bisphenol A (BPA), flame retardants, phthalates, cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) might also play a role in the etiopathogenesis of TC [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Regarding the possible role of heavy metals in promoting thyroid tumorigenesis, Malandrino et al (2020) reports a higher risk of papillary TC in residents in the volcanic area of Mount Etna (Catania province, Southern Italy) [33].…”