Association of Facial Paralysis With Perceptions of Personality and Physical Traits

Parsa, Keon M.; Hancock, Melyssa; Nguy, Peter L.; Donalek, Hayden M.; Wang, Haijun; Reilly, Michael J.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5495

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, our data support that the evaluation bias in trustworthiness ratings can be partially explained by changes in happiness appraisals evoked by MNCs. This emphasises the importance of the emotional state of the person being judged for trustworthiness judgements, as it has been shown in several studies on first impression trustworthiness appraisals [ 18 , 19 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This seems to be particularly important, as our study relied on a highly artificial situation with the face as the only source of information on which first-impression social judgements could be based. In everyday life, we combine facial features with a multitude of information provided by different sensory channels, such as change of voice linked to the emotional state, gestures, body postures, or situational context [ 38 ]. All of these will strengthen our ability to further improve social judgements when the face is partially covered by MNCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trustworthiness appraisals of faces wearing a surgical mask during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany: An experimental study

et al. 2021

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Background During the Covid-19 pandemic, the negative effects of wearing a mouth-nose cover (MNC) on interpersonal functioning have been discussed in public media but empirical studies on how wearing MNCs affect social judgements are sparse. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MNCs on trustworthiness appraisals, the influence of changes due to MNCs in evaluating joy, and the relationship between a social-cognitive appraisal bias and a participant’s characteristics. Methods All participants (N = 165) judged the intensity of happiness and trustworthiness in calm facial stimuli presented with and without a surgical mask covering part of the face. We analysed the relationship of changes in judgements evoked by MNCs to participants’ evaluations of MNCs as protective tools and explored their associations with the burden experienced by wearing MNCs, compliance to behaviour recommendations, their risk associated with the pandemic, and their levels of psychological distress. Results Overall, calm facial stimuli covered with MNCs were evaluated as less trustworthy and, to an even stronger extent, less happy than uncovered facial stimuli. However, participants varied in whether they showed a negative or positive evaluation of faces with MNCs; the negative bias was stronger in those participants who attributed lower protective potential to MNCs, experienced a higher burden while wearing MNCs, wore MNCs less often, and experienced a higher level of psychological distress. Conclusions A negative bias in trustworthiness appraisals of faces with a positive emotional expression covered by MNCs is linked to a participant’s evaluation of MNCs as inefficient and burdening and their experience of high psychological distress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trustworthiness appraisals of faces wearing a surgical mask during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany: An experimental study

et al. 2021

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“…[16][17][18] While previous work has defined a medium smile angle as a key component of a successful smile, increasing the smile angle was a desirable change in our female study population. 19,20 For aesthetic facial specialists, these results are a reminder to exercise caution when performing injectable neurotoxin procedures that may result in decreased smile excursion. It is also worth discussing the gender differences highlighted by these findings: females were found to significantly increase their smile angle while males did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative Analysis of Enhanced Selfies in a Young Adult Population

et al. 2021

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The use of filters and editing tools for perfecting selfies is increasing. While some aesthetic experts have touted the ability of this technology to help patients convey their aesthetic goals, others have expressed concerns about the unrealistic expectations that may come from the ability for individuals to digitally alter their own photos in these so-called “super-selfies.” The aim of the study is to determine the changes that individuals seek when enhancing selfies. Twenty subjects participated in this study between July 25 and September 24, 2019. Subjects had two sets of headshots taken (neutral and smile) and were provided an introduction on the use of the Facetune2 app. Subjects received a digital copy of their photographs and were asked to download the free mobile app. After 1 week of trialing the different tools for enhancing their appearance, subjects submitted their self-determined most attractive edited photographs. Changes in marginal reflex distance (MRD) 1 and 2, nose height and width, eyebrow height, facial width, skin smoothness, skin hue, and saturation as well as overall image brightness were recorded. Paired two-tailed t-test was used to evaluate pre- and post-facial measurements. There were no statistically significant changes identified in the analysis of the altered photos in neutral expression. Analysis of all smiling photographs revealed that subjects increased their smile angle (right: +2.92 mm, p = 0.04; left: +3.58 mm, p < 0.001). When smiling photographs were assessed by gender, females were found to significantly increase their MRD2 (right: +0.64 mm, p = 0.04; left: +0.74 mm, p = 0.05) and their smile angle (right: +1.90 mm, p = 0.03; left: +2.31 mm, p = 0.005) while also decreasing their nose height (−2.8 mm, p = 0.04). Males did not significantly alter any of the facial measurements assessed. This study identifies the types of changes that individuals seek when enhancing selfies and specifies the different aspects of image adjustment that may be sought based on a patient's gender.

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“…This leads to difficulty with social interactions causing low self-esteem, social anxiety, and poor QOL. [1][2][3]9,53,54 An unnatural smile can lead to patients being perceived as hostile and has been shown to provoke negative responses from others. 9 NFFP patients suffer from facial tightness, smile asymmetry, and inappropriate facial muscle movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Neurectomy for Treatment of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background: Synkinesis is commonly encountered after flaccid facial paralysis and can have a detrimental impact on a patient’s life. First line treatment of synkinesis is chemodenervation with Botulinum toxin (Botox) and neuromuscular retraining. Surgical options include selective myectomy, selective neurectomy (SN), cross-facial nerve grafting, nerve substitution, and free gracilis muscle transfer (FGMT). Data on surgical management of synkinesis using selective neurectomy is limited. Evidence Review PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Neuromuscular Register, Clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO ICTPR were searched using a comprehensive keyword strategy in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. All English-only texts published in the last 20 years were included. Two independent investigators reviewed 906 abstracts and 7 studies met inclusion criteria. Demographics, etiology of paralysis, time to surgery, and primary outcomes studied were collected. Findings A total of 250 patients were included across 7 studies. In 6 out of 7 studies, Botox was used prior to surgical intervention. Two studies showed significant reduction in Botox dosage postoperatively, while one study showed no difference. Other primary outcomes included the House-Brackman Score, palpebral fissure width, eFACE score, Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale, and Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ). Three studies showed significant improvement in the eFACE score, two studies showed significant improvement in the FaCE scale, while one study showed improvement in quality of life measured by the SAQ. Conclusions Selective neurectomy can be considered as an adjunct to other management options including neuromuscular retraining, Botox, selective myectomy and reanimation procedures. While there is great heterogeneity of study design in the studies included, many cohorts showed improvement in facial symmetry, facial function, and quality of life. There remains a great gap in knowledge in this subject matter and a need for large well designed prospective studies comparing this technique to other management options.

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Association of Facial Paralysis With Perceptions of Personality and Physical Traits

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Trustworthiness appraisals of faces wearing a surgical mask during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany: An experimental study

Trustworthiness appraisals of faces wearing a surgical mask during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany: An experimental study

Quantitative Analysis of Enhanced Selfies in a Young Adult Population

Selective Neurectomy for Treatment of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis: A Systematic Review

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