Association of farm-related factors with characteristics profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- / plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms

Hille, Katja; Felski, Mayala; Ruddat, Inga; Woydt, Johanna; Schmid, A.; Friese, Anika; Fischer, Jennie; Sharp, Hannah; Valentin, L.; Michael, Geovana Brenner; Hörmansdorfer, Stefan; Messelhäußer, Ute; Seibt, Uwe; Honscha, Walther; Guerra, Beatriz; Schwarz, Štefan; Rösler, Uwe; Käsbohrer, Annemarie; Kreienbrock, Lothar

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.022

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Especially in cattle and pigs, but also in poultry, zoo and companion animals CTX-M-1 was the most frequent ESBL type [42,43]. A commonly identified pattern containing ESBL gene blaCTX-M-1 in combination with E. coli of phylogenetic group A was also confirmed to be predominant for flies in our study [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In hospitalized patients colonization rates of ESBL-producing E. coli was slightly below the values reported for rats and flies (11.7% on admission) in a study conducted at the Jena University Hospital between 2013 and 2015 [40]. However, a prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli up to 70% was detected in samples taken from 150 German livestock farms [41]. Especially in cattle and pigs, but also in poultry, zoo and companion animals CTX-M-1 was the most frequent ESBL type [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

Wetzker

Pfeifer

Wolke

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

Wetzker

Pfeifer

Wolke

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…The majority of E. coli isolates (75/92, 81.5%) harboured bla CTX-M genes, with CTX-M group 1 predominating (80.4%). This is consistent with other German and European studies in which most frequently CTX-M group 1 followed by CTX-M group 9 were detected [13,18,27,35,38]. CTX-M group 9 was detected in five E. coli either as the only bla gene (n = 1) or in combination with other bla genes (n = 4).…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Overall, isolates belonging to phylogroups C, A/C, and A were predominant. This distribution is in contrast to other studies where phylogroups A and B1 were dominantly found in ESBLE isolates from healthy animals [18,[32][33][34][35][36]. The main reason for the differences compared to other studies might be that the PCR-protocols used elsewhere may not discriminate between phylogroups A and C [18,33,35,36].…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 90%

Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in newborn dairy calves in Germany

et al. 2021

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We studied the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy calves as part of a routine health check protocol. In addition, data regarding antimicrobial use (AMU), farm hygiene, and farm management were collected in order to identify possible risks for ESBL occurrence. Ten farms participated in the study with a median of 781 milking cows (319–1701). All calves investigated were younger than two weeks with an average age of 6.8 (±3.9) days. The farms were visited and samples were collected twice at an interval of 7–11 months. Faecal samples diluted 1:10, were plated onto BrillianceTM ESBL agar in duplicates. After 24 hours at 37°C, colonies were counted and total colony forming units (cfu)/ml calculated. Bacteria species were identified biochemically. ESBL-production was phenotypically confirmed using the MICRONAUT-S β-Lactamases system. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using VITEK® 2 technology. Phylotyping of E. coli isolates and screening for bla genes was performed by PCR. ESBL-producing enterobacteria were detected on all farms and 96.5% of calves investigated shed ESBL-positive bacteria. Of all ESBL-producing isolates, the majority were E. coli (92.9%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (5.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (2.0%). The majority of E. coli isolates was clearly assigned to phylogroup C (25.0%), followed by phylogroups A (15.2%) and E (14.1%). CTX-M group 1 was most frequently detected (80.4%). E. cloacae contained blaCTX-M and blaTEM or blaSHV. K. pneumoniae harboured blaSHV only. Besides resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins, the majority of isolates was also resistant to one or more antibiotic classes, with a high proportion being resistant against fluoroqinolones. 52.5% of isolates were further characterised as threefold multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria (3MDR-GNB) according to the German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention. None of the isolates were 4MDR-GNB, i.e. none revealed carbapenem-resistance. Penicillins were the most frequently administered antibiotics to calves on most farms and were the predominant substance class at herd level on all farms. Overall, the number of calves treated prior to sampling was rather low (11.7%). Analyses of data regarding the farm management identified weaknesses in biosecurity and cleaning and disinfection. Besides beta-lactam antibiotics being the most commonly used antibiotics no other risk factors could be identified. In summary, the prevalence of ESBL-carriers in dairy calves was exceptionally high and should be motivation to develop strategies for the reduction of multidrug-resistant bacteria in farm animals.

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“…Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem in veterinary and human medicine and the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae was demonstrated in wildlife (Guenther et al, 2011; Alcalá et al, 2016), livestock (Laube et al, 2013; Liebana et al, 2013; Hille et al, 2018), and companion animals (Rubin and Pitout, 2014; Schaufler et al, 2015; Kaspar et al, 2019) as well as in retail meat (Cohen Stuart et al, 2012; Kola et al, 2012) and out of human origin (Pitout, 2013; Valenza et al, 2014; Mazzariol et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure

et al. 2019

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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a risk for both human and animal health. For livestock, highest prevalences have been reported in broiler chickens, which are therefore considered as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The possibility of transfer to humans either by a close contact to colonized broiler flocks or through contaminated retail meat results in the necessity to develop intervention measures for the entire broiler production chain. In this regard, a basic understanding of the colonization process is mandatory including the determination of the minimal bacterial load leading to a persistent colonization of broiler chickens. Therefore, we conducted a bivalent broiler colonization study close to real farming conditions without applying any antimicrobial selection pressure. ESBL- and AmpC- negative broiler chickens (Ross 308) were co- colonized on their third day of life with two strains: one CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli-ST410 and one CMY-2/mcr-1-positive E. coli-ST10. Colonization was assessed by cloacal swabs over the period of the trial, starting 24 h post inoculation. During the final necropsy, the contents of crop, jejunum, cecum, and colon were quantified for the occurrence of both bacterial strains. To define the minimal oral colonization dosage 104 to 101 colony forming units (cfu) were orally inoculated to four separately housed broiler groups (each n = 19, all animals inoculated) and a dosage of already 101 cfu E. coli led to a persistent colonization of all animals of the group after 3 days. To assure stable colonization, however, a dosage of 102 cfu E. coli was chosen for the subsequent seeder-bird trial. In the seeder-bird trial one fifth of the animals (seeder, n = 4) were orally inoculated and kept together with the non-inoculated animals (sentinel, n = 16) to mimic the route of natural infection. After 35 days of trial, all animals were colonized with both E. coli strains. Given the low colonization dosage and the low seeder/sentinel ratio, the rapid spread of ESBL- and AmpC- producing Enterobacteriaceae in conventional broiler farms currently seems inevitably resulting in an urgent need for the development of intervention strategies to reduce colonization of broilers during production.

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Association of farm-related factors with characteristics profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- / plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in newborn dairy calves in Germany

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure

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