Association of Fibrinogen, C-reactive Protein, Albumin, or Leukocyte Count With Coronary Heart Disease

Danesh, John; Collins, Rory; Appleby, Paul N.; Pető, Richárd

doi:10.1001/jama.279.18.1477

Cited by 1,911 publications

(1,395 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Where the adjusted log risk ratio was not directly available from the study, it was estimated as 2.18/2.54 times the log risk ratio for the comparison of the top and bottom quartiles or 2.18/2.80 times the log risk ratio for the comparison of the top and bottom quintiles (Danesh et al, 1998). The standard error, s, of the log risk ratio b, was estimated from the approximation s 2 ¼ 2.18 (1/n 1 + 1/n 2 ), where n 1 is the number of individuals who had died from CHD and n 2 is the number who were still alive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2003

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Objective: To assess the association of dietary flavonol intake with the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. Design: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published before September 2001. Studies were identified by MEDLINE and EMBASE searches and by scanning relevant reference lists. The following information was extracted from published reports: size of cohort, mean age, mean duration of follow-up, number of fatal CHD events, mean flavonol intake, main sources of flavonol intake, degree of adjustment for potential confounders, and the relation of CHD mortality to dietary flavonol intake measured at baseline. Results: Seven prospective cohorts of men and women were identified including a total of 2087 fatal CHD events. Comparison of individuals in the top third with those in the bottom third of dietary flavonol intake yielded a combined risk ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.93) after adjustment for known CHD risk factors and other dietary components. Conclusion: This overview of prospective cohort studies indicates that high dietary intake of flavonols from a small number of fruits and vegetables, tea and red wine may be associated with a reduced risk from CHD mortality in free-living populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2003

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“…plays a critical role (22)(23)(24)(25). If this is so, it could explain the higher than expected rates of cardiovascular disease observed in patients with chronic systemic inflammatory diseases such as RA (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study

Kremers¹,

Nicola²,

Crowson³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

851

532

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Objective. To determine whether systemic inflammation confers any additional risk for cardiovascular death among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.Methods. Using the population-based data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we assembled an incidence cohort of all Rochester, Minnesota residents ages >18 years who first fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for RA between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 1995. All subjects were followed up longitudinally through their complete (inpatient, outpatient) medical records, beginning at age 18 years and continuing until death, migration, or January 1, 2001. Detailed information on the occurrence of various cardiovascular risk factors (personal history of coronary heart disease [CHD], congestive heart failure, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus, menopausal status) as well as indicators of systemic inflammation and RA disease severity (rheumatoid factor [RF] seropositivity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], joint swelling, radiographic changes, RA nodules, RA complications, RA treatments, disease duration) and comorbidities were collected on all subjects. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates and medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the independent predictors of cardiovascular death.Results. This inception cohort comprised a total of 603 RA patients whose mean age was 58 years, of whom 73% were women. During a mean followup of 15 years, 354 patients died and cardiovascular disease was the primary cause of death in 176 patients. Personal history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, low BMI, and diabetes mellitus, as well as comorbidities, including peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia, ulcers, malignancies, renal disease, liver disease, and history of alcoholism, were all significant risk factors for cardiovascular death (P < 0.01 for each

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“…We rescaled the reported relative risks to reflect a uniform scale (top versus bottom tertile), thereby enabling a direct comparison between the study estimates 39. A weakness of the present analysis is that we relied on published information when combining effect estimates from the different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary outcome was CVD events (as defined above); secondary outcomes were CHD events and stroke events. Because studies reported effect estimates on different scales (eg, per standard deviation or across quartiles), we converted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to reflect a comparison of the top versus bottom tertiles of baseline osteoprotegerin distribution using methods described elsewhere 39. One study29 did not provide sufficient information on the osteoprotegerin distribution—a prerequisite for converting its risk ratio—and we therefore estimated its distribution on the basis of comparable study populations 26, 28, 30.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoprotegerin and Cardiovascular Events in High‐Risk Populations: Meta‐Analysis of 19 Prospective Studies Involving 27 450 Participants

Tschiderer

Klingenschmid

Nagrani

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundOsteoprotegerin is a cytokine involved in bone metabolism as well as vascular calcification and atherogenesis. Although circulating osteoprotegerin levels are robustly associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, its relevance as a biomarker among populations at high CVD risk is less clear.Methods and ResultsThree independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify prospective studies that had recruited participants on the basis of having conditions related to high CVD risk. A total of 19 studies were eligible for inclusion, reporting on 27 450 patients with diabetes mellitus (2 studies), kidney disease (7 studies), preexisting heart disease (5 studies), or recent acute coronary syndromes (5 studies) at baseline. Over a mean follow‐up of 4.2 years, 4066 CVD events were recorded. In a random‐effects meta‐analysis, the pooled risk ratio for CVD events comparing people in the top versus the bottom tertile of osteoprotegerin concentration was 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.50; P<0.001; I2=68.3%). There was evidence for presence of publication bias (P value from Egger's test=0.013). Correction for publication bias using the trim‐and‐fill method reduced the risk ratio to 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.42; P<0.001). The risk ratios did not vary significantly by population type, geographical region, statistical adjustment, sample or assay type, age, sex, or length of follow‐up.ConclusionsIn populations at high CVD risk, elevated circulating osteoprotegerin levels are associated with a higher risk for future CVD events. The magnitude of association appears weaker than in the general population.

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Association of Fibrinogen, C-reactive Protein, Albumin, or Leukocyte Count With Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 1,911 publications

References 93 publications

The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study

Osteoprotegerin and Cardiovascular Events in High‐Risk Populations: Meta‐Analysis of 19 Prospective Studies Involving 27 450 Participants

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