Association of follicular helper T and follicular regulatory T cells with severity and hyperglycemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Zahran, Asmaa M; Abdelrahim, Mahmoud; Nasif, Khalid A.; Hussein, Safinaz; Hafez, Rania; Ahmad, Ahmad Bahieldeen; Saad, Khaled; Elhoufey, Amira; Hussein, Hosni A. M.; Thabet, Ali A.; El‐Badawy, Omnia

doi:10.1080/21505594.2022.2047506

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Announced by the World Health Organization in January 2020 as a global health emergency and in March 2020 as a pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory illness. 1 , 2 COVID-19 is highly infective, presenting with a range of symptoms; however, up to 80% of symptomatic COVID-19 infections feature only flu-like symptoms with no complications; 3 advanced complications such as renal or circulatory failure have been reported with severe cases or with other comorbidities or risk factors including old age, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of 124,597 children with diabetes

et al. 2022

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Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study will not only shed light on such life-threatening complications but also be a step to increase the awareness of healthcare providers about such complications in the upcoming pandemic waves and increased dependence on telemedicine. Thus, we aimed to further investigate the increase of DKA in pediatrics. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were broadly searched for studies assessing the incidence of DKA in pediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Our study included 24 papers with a total of 124,597 children with diabetes. A statistically significant increase occurred in the risk of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM patients during the pandemic (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.19, 1.67; p < 0.01; I 2 = 86%), especially in the severe form of DKA (RR 1.66: 95% CI 1.3, 2.11) when compared to before. Conclusion DKA in newly diagnosed children with T1DM has increased during the pandemic and presented with a severe form. This may reflect that COVID-19 may have contributed not only to the development but also the severity of DKA. Impact Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study included 25 papers with a total of 124,597 children with diabetes. A statistically significant increase occurred in the risk of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM patients during the pandemic. Our findings reflect that COVID-19 may have an altered presentation in T1DM and can be related to DKA severity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of 124,597 children with diabetes

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, up-regulation of FOXP3 may be a natural response to develop T regulatory lymphocyte to regulate the pro-inflammatory responses, including IL-17A, IL-8, and CCL20. Previous studies validated the theory and showed that the T regulatory subset develops in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients ( Zahran et al, 2022 , Morrell et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Adaptive immunity, especially T helper responses, plays important roles against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) ( Zahran, et al, 2022 ). Excess immune responses to the virus can be associated with severe inflammation and severe morbidity and mortality of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients ( Chan and Jia, 2011 , Kim et al, 2017 , Yoo et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-155 and 194 alter expression of Th17 and T regulatory-related transcription factors in the patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2023

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“…Tfr cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T (Treg) cells, which not only express numerous Treg-related factors, such as CD25 and FOXP3, but also control excessive germinal centre response [34,35]. Recently, clinical studies have shown that the dysregulated Tfh and Tfr cells as well as an abnormal Tfh/Tfr ratio in primary Sjögren's syndrome, COVID-19 and colitis [36][37][38]. In published data, HIF-1α deficiency remarkedly decreased the percentage of Tfh cells and HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis was required for Tfh cell differentiation [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory B cells protect against chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance

Li,

Liu,

Yao

et al. 2023

Immunology

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Hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a progressive and lethal disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and obstructive vascular remodelling. Previous research demonstrated that Breg cells were involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. This work aimed to evaluate the regulatory function of Breg cells in HPH. HPH mice model were established and induced by exposing to chronic hypoxia for 21 days. Mice with HPH were treated with anti‐CD22 or adoptive transferred of Breg cells. The coculture systems of Breg cells with CD4+ T cells and Breg cells with PASMCs in vitro were constructed. Lung pathology was evaluated by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining. The frequencies of Breg cells, Tfh cells and Tfr cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum IL‐21 and IL‐10 levels were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of Blimp‐1, Bcl‐6 and CTLA‐4 were determined by western blot and RT‐PCR. Proliferation rate of PASMCs was measured by EdU. Compared to the control group, mean PAP, RV/(LV + S) ratio, WA% and WT% were significantly increased in the model group. Anti‐CD22 exacerbated abnormal hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricle hypertrophy in HPH, which ameliorated by adoptive transfer of Breg cells into HPH mice. The proportion of Breg cells on day 7 induced by chronic hypoxia was significantly higher than control group, which significantly decreased on day 14 and day 21. The percentage of Tfh cells was significantly increased, while percentage of Tfr cells was significantly decreased in HPH than those of control group. Anti‐CD22 treatment increased the percentage of Tfh cells and decreased the percentage of Tfr cells in HPH mice. However, Breg cells restrained the Tfh cells differentiation and expanded Tfr cells differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Breg cells inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs under hypoxic condition in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggested that Breg cells may be a new therapeutic target for modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance in HPH.

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Association of follicular helper T and follicular regulatory T cells with severity and hyperglycemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of 124,597 children with diabetes

Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of 124,597 children with diabetes

MicroRNA-155 and 194 alter expression of Th17 and T regulatory-related transcription factors in the patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Regulatory B cells protect against chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance

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