Association of FTO rs1421085 single nucleotide polymorphism with fat and fatty acid intake in Indonesian adults

Abstract

Objective Recent studies showed that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) were associated with obesity and dietary intake. In this study of 71 adults in Jakarta, Indonesia, we investigated FTO rs1421085 association with body mass index (BMI), macronutrient intake, and fatty acid intake. The association was evaluated using linear regression analyses assuming co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and additive genetic models. Results Only individuals with the CC genotype had a considerably higher BMI (p < 0.001), which indicates a recessive genetic trait, but the incidence for this genotype is low (68 TT + TC vs. 3 CC). Individuals with the minor C allele had an estimated increase of fat intake by 3.45–4.06% across various genetic models (dominant: p < 0.010, over-dominant: p < 0.030, additive: p < 0.010). Subjects with TC/CC genotypes had increased dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 1.14%, p = 0.046) and saturated fatty acid (SAFA; 2.06%, p = 0.023) intakes, compared to those with the TT genotype. In conclusion, our study provided evidence for the association between FTO rs1421085 risk allele with higher BMI and individual preferences for consuming more fat, MUFA, and SAFA. This study highlights the important role of FTO gene in food preference, and its influence on body weight.

Gene-environment interactions and the effect on obesity risk in low and middle-income countries: a scoping review

“…(n = 80) and Wuni et al. (n = 497) all reported significant associations between higher total fat intake and obesity traits, for those carrying risk alleles of obesity-related gene variants, or for those with a high GRS in Indonesian, Ghanaian and Indian populations ( 29 – 32 ). High SFA was also found to interact positively with WC in those with increased genetic susceptibility to obesity in the cross-sectional studies by Alsulami et al.…”

“…The cross-sectional study was excluded to ensure the strength of evidence was not overestimated, and the most recent longitudinal study was included. In total, 18 studies met the PECOS criteria and were included in this review (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Figure 1 shows the PRISMA flow chart for the selection of studies.…”

“…While results from nutrigenetic studies and studies investigating gene-physical activity interactions on obesity suggest there could be some consistent associations between eating patterns or low levels of PA and their genetic interactions on an increased risk of obesity, associations with specific gene variants were not replicated across studies. Across all included studies, statistically significant findings were reported for 12 individual SNPs, including FLJ33544 rs140133294 ( 43 ), FTO rs1421085 ( 29 , 37 ), rs9939609 ( 31 , 45 ), rs10163409 ( 33 ), rs3751812 ( 39 ), CARTPT rs2239670 ( 35 ), UCP2 rs659366 ( 42 ), CLOCK rs1801260 ( 36 ), MC4R rs17782313 ( 37 , 45 , 46 ), rs12970134 ( 40 , 46 ), TMEM18 rs7561317 and NEGR1 rs2815752 ( 37 ). However, these associations were either only significant in single trials or were not replicated in response to the same environmental exposure.…”

“…Studies investigating gene-diet interactions on obesity focus on macronutrient intake, including total fat, protein and carbohydrates, and fatty acid intake, including saturated (SAFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were most prevalent. Within these studies, Al-Jawadi et al (n = 497) all reported significant associations between higher total fat intake and obesity traits, for those carrying risk alleles of obesity-related gene variants, or for those with a high GRS in Indonesian, Ghanaian and Indian populations (29)(30)(31)(32). High SFA was also found to interact positively with WC in those with increased genetic susceptibility to obesity in the cross-sectional studies by Alsulami et al and Wuni et al Individuals with high GRS (≥ 2 risk alleles) and high SFA intake (>14 g/day) had a significantly higher WC (P interaction = 0.02) compared to those with low SFA intake after adjustment for age and sex in the Ghanaian study.…”

FTO: a critical role in obesity and obesity-related diseases

“…High-fibre diets may have positive effects on anthropometric parameters but may also worsen lipid profiles dependent on the FTO genotypes (32) . FTO rs1421085 TC + CC genotypes were associated with fat intake (33) . Moreover, FTO rs1421085 C-allele was linked with the degree of abdominal fat accumulation in adolescent males and females, but the effect of FTO rs1421085 risk allele C on obesity was not mediated by daily energy intake, macronutrient intake or physical activity (34) .…”