Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 Genes with Vesicoureteral Reflux Susceptibility in the Children of Southeast Iran

Abstract

<jats:p>Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) disease is the most common type of urinary tract anomalies in children. Genetic risk factors may be associated with the etiology of VUR. The role of the Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as multifunctional enzymes is cellular oxidative stress handling. This is the first study aimed at evaluating the relative risk of GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in VUR susceptibility in children and provides new important insights into the genetics of affected children.&#x0D; Methods: The study was done in 2013 in Sistan and Baluchestan University, eastern Iran. Genotyping of three GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes were determined using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in 216 reactions for 72 VUR children and 312 reactions for 104 healthy controls.&#x0D; Results: The presence of GSTT1 deletion was associated with high risk of VUR in children, whereas GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes did not show the same effect. Furthermore, the combination of GSTT1/GSTM1 and GSTT1/ GSTP1 genotypes showed a significant influence on lower risk of VUR in children.&#x0D; Conclusion: Deletion of GSTT1 functional gene is a genetic risk factor causing VUR in children. Interestingly, the combination of GSTM1 and GSTP1 null genotypes with GSTT1 has shown a protective role against risk of GSTT1 deletion.</jats:p>

Association analysis of apoptosis-related gene caspase3, Integrin a subunit 1 and glutathione sulfur transferase M1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cardia carcinoma

“…Consequently, rs12108497 locus polymorphism is nearly associated with CASP3 gene, and rs12108497 locus-mediated ASP3 gene is linked with its location in CASP3 promoter region as well (10). ITGA1, a receptor protein in the form of heterodimer, mediates the interaction between cells and between cells and cell matrix (11)(12). ITGA1 is avail- able to combine with tyrosine kinase FYN via the concave protein, thereby aggregating growth factor receptor-binding protein 2 to activate Ras/ERK pathway and modulating cell proliferation.…”

“…ITGA1, a receptor protein in the form of heterodimer, mediates the interaction between cells and between cells and cell matrix [11] [12] . ITGA1 is available to combine with tyrosine kinase FYN via the concave protein, thereby aggregating growth factor receptor-binding protein 2 to activate Ras/ERK pathway and modulating cell proliferation.…”

Combined GSTT1 Null, GSTM1 Null and XPD Lys/Lys Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Association with Increased Risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

“… 35 , 36 Contrary to this, some reports show that GSTT1 gene polymorphism has association with increased risk for CML, whereas no association was observed in regards to GSTM1 gene polymorphism. 6 , 37 The reasons for these contradictions and inconsistencies might depend on geographic and ethnic variations, among others. 35 …”