Association of genetic polymorphisms with embryonic mortality in the chicken

Gilmour, D. G.; Morton, J. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00277046

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In Microtus, lowered fitness of both one homozygous and one heterozygous type has been suggested by field studies, but no selective mechanism has been proposed (9,10). Recently, Morton and Gilmour have reported an association between maternal transferrin type and hatchability in chickens (11).…”

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The Maintenance of Transferrin Polymorphism in Pigeons

Frelinger

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Transferrin, a nonheme iron-binding protein, is polymorphic in most vertebrate species that have been examined. In pigeons, it is controlled by an autosomal gene, with two known codominant alleles, Tf(A) and Tf(B). The two alleles are found in nearly equal frequencies and the three genotypes are at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all populations studied. This report shows that ovotransferrins from heterozygous females inhibit microbial growth, by use of yeast as an assay organism, better than ovotransferrins from either of the homozygous types, or those from a mixture of homozygous types. Heterozygous females hatch a larger percentage of their eggs than homozygous females. This difference is probably accounted for by the transferrin effect. The failure of the mixture of the homozygous types to act like the heterozygous type calls into question the currently accepted structure of transferrin as a monomeric protein. The greater fecundity of heterozygous females can account for the maintenance of transferrin polymorphism in pigeons.

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The Maintenance of Transferrin Polymorphism in Pigeons

Frelinger

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…There have been several reports suggesting a correlation between variations in the G2 protein and economic traits such as egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, hatchability, etc. [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] as well as the embryonic fatality rate [ 49 ]. In addition, ovoglobulins have also been reported to be important in egg white foaming quality and viscosity [ 9 , 10 ], although their biological and food chemical functions have not been clearly elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of TENP as the Gene Encoding Chicken Egg White Ovoglobulin G2 and Demonstration of Its High Genetic Variability in Chickens

et al. 2016

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Ovoglobulin G2 (G2) has long been known as a major protein constituent of chicken egg white. However, little is known about the biochemical properties and biological functions of G2 because the gene encoding G2 has not been identified. Therefore, the identification of the gene encoding G2 and an analysis of its genetic variability is an important step toward the goal of understanding the biological functions of the G2 protein and its utility in poultry production. To identify and characterize the gene encoding G2, we separated G2 from egg white using electrophoresis on a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Two polymorphic forms of G2 protein (G2A and G2B), with different mobilities (fast and slow respectively), were detected by staining. The protein band corresponding to G2B was electro-eluted from the native gel, re-electrophoresed under denaturing conditions and its N-terminal sequence was determined by Edman degradation following transfer onto a membrane. Sequencing of the 47 kDa G2B band revealed it to be identical to TENP (transiently expressed in neural precursors), also known as BPI fold-containing family B, member 2 (BPIFB2), a protein with strong homology to a bacterial permeability-increasing protein family (BPI) in mammals. Full-length chicken TENP cDNA sequences were determined for 78 individuals across 29 chicken breeds, lines, and populations, and consequently eleven non-synonymous substitutions were detected in the coding region. Of the eleven non-synonymous substitutions, A329G leading to Arg110Gln was completely associated with the noted differential electrophoretic mobility of G2. Specifically G2B, with a slower mobility is encoded by A329 (Arg110), whereas G2A, with a faster mobility, is encoded by G329 (Gln110). The sequence data, derived from the coding region, also revealed that the gene encoding G2 demonstrates significant genetic variability across different chicken breeds/lines/populations. These variants, and how they correlate with egg white properties, may allow us to understand further G2’s functions.

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