Aim. To investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13041792, rs1801310, and rs6088660 in the GSS gene and environmental factors in the development of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) and its complications.Materials and methods. The material for the study was blood samples obtained from 84 patients with ABP and 573 healthy individuals. Both groups were comparable in terms of gender and age. To diagnose ABP, we used the clinical guidelines recommended by the working group of the Russian Society of Surgeons. DNA was isolated by phenol / chloroform extraction. Multiplex genotyping of SNPs was performed by the iPLEX assay on the MALDITOF MassARRAY-4 genetic analyzer. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 10 and SNPStats software.Results. We found that insufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits increased the probability of ABP in carriers of genotypes G/A-A/A at rs1801310 in GSS (р = 0.02). The analysis revealed the association of the T allele at rs6088660 with the odds for developing acute pancreatitis (р = 0.007) and digestive fistulas (р = 0.02). A high probability of death was associated with rs1801310 (G/A genotype, р = 0.002) and rs6088660 (C/T genotype, р = 0.01) in the GSS gene.Conclusion. SNPs rs6088660 and rs1801310 in the GSS gene can be used to predict the course of ABP.