Association of Glutathione S-Transferase Pi Isoform Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Chinese Population

Gu, Hong; Sun, Erdan; Cui, Lei; Yang, Xiufen; Lim, Apiradee; Xu, Jun; Snellingen, Torkel; Liu, Xipu; Wang, Ke; Liu, Ningpu

doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e31824dae04

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the progression of this disease is determined in 50-60% of cases by the polymorphisms in three genes that encode the following: CFH (rs1061170), ARMS2 (rs10490924), and Il-8 (rs2227306) [93]. Other polymorphisms are less likely to correlate with the development of AMD, but their influence has been confirmed in other studies [81,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]. Genes and their polymorphisms are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: The Role Of Polymorphisms In Amdmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Role of Glutathione in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Brodzka,

Baszyński,

Rektor

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease that usually develops in older people. Pathogenetic changes in this disease include anatomical and functional complexes. Harmful factors damage the retina and macula. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. The disease can occur in two clinical forms: dry (the progression is slow and gentle) and exudative (wet—progression is acute and severe), which usually starts in the dry form; however, the coexistence of both forms is possible. The etiology of AMD is not fully understood, and the precise mechanisms of the development of this illness are still unknown. Extensive genetic studies have shown that AMD is a multi-factorial disease and that genetic determinants, along with external and internal environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the role of glutathione (GSH) enzymes engaged in maintaining the reduced form and polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1) in the development of AMD. We only chose papers that confirmed the influence of the parameters on the development of AMD. Because GSH is the most important antioxidant in the eye, it is important to know the influence of the enzymes and genetic background to ensure an optimal level of glutathione concentration. Numerous studies have been conducted on how the glutathione system works till today. This paper presents the current state of knowledge about the changes in GSH, GST, GR, and GPx in AMD. GST studies clearly show increased activity in ill people, but for GPx, the results relating to activity are not so clear. Depending on the research, the results also suggest higher and lower GPx activity in patients with AMD. The analysis of polymorphisms in GST genes confirmed that mutations lead to weaker antioxidant barriers and may contribute to the development of AMD; unfortunately, a meta-analysis and some research did not confirm that connection. Unspecific results of many of the parameters that make up the glutathione system show many unknowns. It is so important to conduct further research to understand the exact mechanism of defense functions of glutathione against oxidative stress in the human eye.

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Section: The Role Of Polymorphisms In Amdmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In 2012, a Chinese research team analyzed the role of polymorphisms in the GSTP1 gene (rs1695 and rs1138272) in the development of wet AMD stage. The results showed that only rs1695 moderately increases the risk of developing this disease [104]. In the same year, a GST polymorphism study was conducted in Iran [100].…”

Section: Gpx1 Pro197leumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Glutathione in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Brodzka,

Baszyński,

Rektor

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In 2012, Chinese patients were conducted on the occurrence of variant rs1695 of GSTP1 . The results demonstrated that this allele is correlated with the development of wet AMD [ 223 ]. In the same year, GST polymorphism study was conducted in Iran.…”

Section: The Influence Of Genetic Factors On the Development Of Amdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Macular Disease

Brodzka,

Baszyński,

Rektor

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease, which often develops in older people, but this is not the rule. AMD pathogenesis changes include the anatomical and functional complex. As a result of damage, it occurs, in the retina and macula, among other areas. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. This disease can occur in two clinical forms, i.e., dry (progression is slowly and gradually) and exudative (wet, progression is acute and severe), which usually started as dry form. A coexistence of both forms is possible. AMD etiology is not fully understood. Extensive genetic studies have shown that this disease is multifactorial and that genetic determinants, along with environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the impact of heavy metals, macro- and microelements, and genetic factors on the development of AMD. We present the current state of knowledge about the influence of environmental factors and genetic determinants on the progression of AMD in the confrontation with our own research conducted on the Polish population from Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Regions. Our research is concentrated on showing how polluted environments of large agglomerations affects the development of AMD. In addition to confirming heavy metal accumulation, the growth of risk of acute phase factors and polymorphism in the genetic material in AMD development, it will also help in the detection of new markers of this disease. This will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of AMD and will help to establish prevention and early treatment.

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