Association of gonadal hormones and sex hormone binding globulin with risk of diabetes: A cohort study in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese males

Li, Na; Lan, Biyun; Lin, Diaozhu; Wang, Cheng-Zhi; You, Lili; Li, Lingling; Li, Fangping; Xiao, Huisheng; Yan, Li; Lao, Guojuan; Sun, Kan

doi:10.1111/ijcp.14008

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Including studies that measured free testosterone [ 55 ], investigating only hypogonadal men [ 56 ], using a limited number and relatively modest size of studies included [ 56 ], and lack of adjustment for confounders such as the family history of DM and smoking status [ 48 , 55 , 56 ] are the major aspects that might partly explain the contradiction between their results and ours. However, in a recent cohort study conducted on a sample of 673 middle-aged Chinese men, Li et al [ 57 ] reported that in an adjusted model that also included smoking status, the odds of incident type 2 DM were not increased in different quartiles of total testosterone. The authors also reported the same results for LH and FSH, which agrees with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FT, as the bioavailable form of testosterone, yields more accurate results compared to TT. However, due to its standard equilibrium dialysis method’s complexity and its unharmonized assays, measuring FT is challenging in clinical laboratories [ 57 ]. In addition, faulty models of the bond between testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin were used to derive FT calculating algorithms [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2022

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Background Data is inconsistent and, for the most part, not sufficient to demonstrate the association between serum Prolactin (PRL) concentration within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among men. Moreover, since both PRL and type 2 DM are associated with reproductive hormones, investigating these hormones might improve our understanding of how PRL might impose its effect on the incidence rate of type 2 DM. Methods For the present study, 652 eligible men aged 29–70 with a normal baseline PRL concentration were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Participants were sub-classified into three groups (tertiles) according to the serum concentration of PRL and were followed for 15.8 years. The incidence of type 2 DM and PRL, LH, FSH, testosterone, and AMH concentrations were measured. The effect of hormonal variables on the incidence of type 2 DM was estimated using the log-binomial model, adjusted for major confounding factors. The correlations between PRL and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism and other hormonal variables were also explored. Results In the unadjusted model, PRL was not significantly associated with the incidence rate of type 2 DM (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94 − 1.03). After adjusting for potential confounders, the inverse effect of AMH on the incidence rate of type 2 DM was the only significant association. The analyses also indicated a significant positive association between PRL and LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.1, P = 0.01). Conclusion No significant association was found between serum PRL concentrations within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged men. Men with higher concentrations of PRL within the physiologic range tended to show higher levels of LH and LH/FSH. AMH was the only variable significantly linked to the incidence rate of type 2 DM in men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2022

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“…Risk factors associated with low SHBG levels include elevated body mass index, diabetes, race (Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, or non-Hispanic white), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and smoking [9]. SHBG is associated independently with the risk of diabetes, dementia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, CHD, ischemic stroke [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], all of which are associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin with Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults: Insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016

Yang,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, significantly impacting the health and quality of life of individuals. Increasing evidence suggests a strong correlation between MetS and sex hormone levels. The objective of this study is to explore the possible relationship between sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and Mets, aiming to furnish evidence that could inform the development of effective prevention strategies for Mets. Methods The data for this cross-sectional investigation were collected during the 2013–2016 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), from which 5,499 adults were sampled. The criteria established by the Adult Treatment Program III of the National Cholesterol Education Program were utilized to define MetS. SHBG were measured using a standardized technique. Multivariable-adjusted Logistic regression analysis, curve fitting, and threshold effects analysis were utilized to investigate the association between SHBG levels and Mets. Moreover, the stratified analyses and interaction tests of covariables were presented in the forest plot. Finally, sensitivity analysis was utilized to ensure the the robustness of the results. Results Among the participants, 1822 those had Mets. After adjusting for possible confounders, the SHBG level was associated with Mets (Odds ratio [OR], 0.984; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.981–0.986; P < 0.01). The multivariable restricted cubic spline demonstrated a non-linear association between SHBG and Mets (P < 0.001). With two piecewise regression models, the adjusted OR of developing Mets was 0.964 (95% CI, 0.959–0.969; P < 0.001) among people with SHBG < 76.653nmol/L, but there was no correlation between SHBG and Mets in participants with SHBG ≥ 76.653nmol/L. The stability of the association between SHBG and MetS was confirmed through subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our results suggest that reduced SHBG levels are associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in adults, particularly when SHBG levels are below 76.653 nmol/L. More investigation is required to comprehend the mechanisms underlying these results and to delve into their clinical implications.

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“…Risk factors associated with low SHBG levels include elevated body mass index, diabetes, race (Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, or non-Hispanic white), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, smoking and exposure to phthalates [ 8 , 10 ]. SHBG levels are independently associated with the risk of diabetes, dementia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke [ 11 – 14 ], all of which are associated with a higher risk of MetS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sex hormone binding globulin and metabolic syndrome in US adults: insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016

Yang,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) presents a notable public health challenge on a global scale, exerting a considerable impact on individuals’ health and quality of life. There is mounting evidence indicating a robust association between MetS and levels of sex hormones. Therefore, the study aims to explore the relationship between sex hormone binding-globulin (SHBG) and MetS, and to provide evidence that could inform the development of effective prevention strategies for MetS. Methods Data for this cross-sectional investigation were collected during the 2013–2016 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), from which 5,499 adults were sampled. The criteria established by the Adult Treatment Program III of the National Cholesterol Education Program were utilized to define MetS. SHBG levels were measured using a standardized technique. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, multivariate restricted cubic spline, and threshold effect analyses were utilized to investigate the association between SHBG levels and MetS. Moreover, the stratified analyses and interaction tests of covariables were presented in a forest plot. Finally, sensitivity analysis was utilized to ensure the robustness of the results. Results Overall, 1822 participants had MetS. After adjusting for possible confounders, SHBG levels were associated with MetS (Odds ratio [OR], 0.984; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.981–0.986; P < 0.01). The multivariate restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a non-linear association between SHBG and MetS (P < 0.001). With two piecewise regression models, the adjusted OR of developing MetS was 0.964 (95% CI, 0.959–0.969; P < 0.001) among people with SHBG < 76.653 nmol/L, but there was no correlation between SHBG and MetS in participants with SHBG ≥ 76.653 nmol/L. The stability of the association between SHBG levels and MetS was confirmed using subgroup analysis and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Our results suggest that reduced SHBG levels are associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in adults, particularly when SHBG levels are below 76.653 nmol/L. More investigation is required to understand comprehend the mechanisms underlying these results and to delve into their clinical implications.

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Association of gonadal hormones and sex hormone binding globulin with risk of diabetes: A cohort study in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese males

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Correlation of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin with Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults: Insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016

Association between sex hormone binding globulin and metabolic syndrome in US adults: insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016

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