Association of greenness surrounding school with aggression among adolescents: A multi-site study in China

Zhang, Yi; Li, Yanqi; Xie, Xinyi; Lin, Xiaojuan; Huang, Mengxin; Fu, Huihang; Zhou, Weiping; Ji, John S.; Yu, Yizhen; Jing, Tang

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116529

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Third, an initial separation at adolescence from 1 or both parents was more strongly associated with total aggression and/or PA than separation at school age and/or preschool age. This finding may be because adolescence is a critical period of neural development and the shaping of behavioral trajectories, making it a vulnerable period during which developmental processes may be easily disrupted . Further studies are warranted to delineate specific developmental mechanisms and their associations with parental migration on aggression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding may be because adolescence is a critical period of neural development and the shaping of behavioral trajectories, making it a vulnerable period during which developmental processes may be easily disrupted. 2 Further studies are warranted to delineate specific developmental mechanisms and their associations with parental migration on aggression.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggression refers to any activity with the immediate intent to cause harm, pain, or injury to another individual, 1 including physical aggression (PA), verbal aggression (VA), indirect aggression (IA), anger, and hostility. 2 Violent behavior is a form of PA with excessive harm to the target. Globally, aggressive and violent behavior is a serious public health concern and social problem among children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labor Migration of Parents and Aggression Among Their Offspring in China

Ma,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceIn China, parental labor migration often leaves children behind and is potentially adversely associated with children’s health. However, the association between parental migration and aggression among their offspring remains largely underexplored.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of parental labor migration with total and subtypes of aggression among their offspring as well as potential sex differences therein.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from February to October 2015 among students aged 11 to 20 years from 45 public middle and high schools across 5 provinces of China. Data analysis was performed from December 1, 2022, to August 1, 2023.ExposuresParental migration, including migration status (yes or no), pattern (father, mother, or both), and the child’s age at the initial parent-child separation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal and subtypes of aggression (including physical aggression [PA], verbal aggression [VA], indirect aggression [IA], anger, and hostility) were measured using the Chinese version of the Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used separately to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs of parental migration by total and subtypes of aggression.ResultsA total of 15 301 participants (7900 [51.6%] male and 7401 [48.4%] female) aged 11 to 20 years (mean [SD] age, 15.1 [1.8] years) were included. Of these participants, 5961 (39.0%) experienced parental migration; 2451 (16.0%) met the criteria for total aggression, 2407 (15.7%) for PA, 2283 (14.9%) for VA, 2899 (18.9%) for IA, 2307 (15.1%) for anger, and 2564 (16.8%) for hostility. Parental migration was associated with total aggression (aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22); no significant association between parental migration and subtypes of aggression was found except for PA (aOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25). Compared with children whose parents did not migrate, the aORs for total aggression and PA for participants whose father migrated were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01-1.28) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03-1.29), respectively; for participants with both parents having migrated, the aORs were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02-1.31) and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.24), respectively. Compared with children whose parents did not migrate, children who experienced initial separation from 1 or both parents at adolescence had an aOR for total aggression of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.04-1.36), children who experienced initial separation from 1 or both parents at school age or adolescence had an aOR for PA of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01-1.32) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.04-1.51), respectively. No sex differences were found in these associations.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of Chinese children and adolescents, we found that parental migration, mainly of the father or both parents or an initial separation at adolescence or school age from 1 or both parents, was associated with higher odds of total aggression and PA among offspring. These associations were similar between male and female participants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labor Migration of Parents and Aggression Among Their Offspring in China

Ma,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

Self Cite

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“…This aligns with previous research indicating that higher vegetation density in urban areas correlates with lower violent crime rates (Eugenia et al, 2013; Kuo & Sullivan, 2001). Additionally, research on adolescents has shown a significant association between the presence of vegetation around schools and reduced aggression among students (Zhang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kuo & Sullivan, 2001). Additionally, research on adolescents has shown a significant association between the presence of vegetation around schools and reduced aggression among students (Zhang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Additional Analysis: Mediating Effect Of Sense Of Control An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive green space exposure leading to lower aggression: The mediating role of sense of control

Liu,

Sun

et al. 2024

Aggressive Behavior

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Green spaces, integral to natural environments, have been extensively studied for their positive impact on mental health, yet their influence on social behavior, particularly aggression, is less explored. While prior research has predominantly emphasized the effects of actively engaging with nature, the significant role of passive nature exposure—a more common daily occurrence—has often been overlooked. We conducted two studies to explore the influence of passive green space exposure on aggression and the mediating effect of the sense of control. Study 1 (N = 240) utilized a cross‐sectional survey to assess the relationship between passive green space exposure, sense of control, and aggression. Study 2 (N = 260) employed a single‐factor between‐subjects experimental design to further explore these relationships in a controlled environment. The results from both studies indicated that passive green space exposure is negatively related to aggression, and that this relationship is partially mediated by an increased sense of control. Specifically, passive green space exposure was found to negatively predict aggression by bolstering individuals' sense of control. These findings underscore the potential of enhancing the sense of control through environmental factors like green spaces as an effective strategy to reduce aggression. This study enriches our understanding of the broader impacts of green spaces, extending beyond mental health to include social behaviors. We discussed both the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, highlighting how urban planning and environmental design can incorporate green spaces to foster community well‐being and mitigate aggressive behaviors.

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Association of greenness surrounding school with aggression among adolescents: A multi-site study in China

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Labor Migration of Parents and Aggression Among Their Offspring in China

Labor Migration of Parents and Aggression Among Their Offspring in China

Passive green space exposure leading to lower aggression: The mediating role of sense of control

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