Association of growth hormone receptor gene variant with longevity in men is due to amelioration of increased mortality risk from hypertension

Abstract

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4130113 of the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) is associated with longevity. Here we explored whether longevity-associated genotypes protect against mortality in all individuals, or only in individuals with aging-related diseases. Rs4130113 genotypes were tested for association with mortality in 3,557 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. At baseline (1991-1993), 1,000 had diabetes, 730 had coronary heart disease (CHD), 1,901 had hypertension, 485 had cancer, and 919 lacked these diseases. The men were followed from baseline until Dec 31, 2019 or death (mean 10.8 ± 6.5 SD years, range 0.01-28.8 years; 99.0% deceased by that date). In a heterozygote disadvantage model, longevity-associated genotypes were associated with significantly lower mortality risk in individuals having hypertension (covariateadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.83 [95% CI: 0.76-0.93, p = 4. 3 x10 -4 ]. But in individuals with diabetes, CHD, and cancer there was no genotypic difference in lifespan. As expected, normotensive men outlived men with hypertension (p = 0.036). There was no effect, however, of genotypic difference on lifespan in normotensive men (p = 0.11). We found that SNP rs4130113 potentially influenced the binding of transcription factors E2A, MYF, NRSF, TAL1, and TCF12 so as to alter GHR expression. We propose that in individuals with hypertension, longevity-associated genetic variation in GHR enhances cell resilience mechanisms to help protect against cellular stress caused by hypertension. As a result, hypertension-affected men who possess the longevityassociated genetic variant of GHR live as long as normotensive men.

Identification of Key Genes and Biological Pathways in Bipolar Disorder by Bioinformatics and Next Generation Sequencing Data Analysis

“…[97] and CYP3A5 [98] have been shown in schizophrenia. Recent studies showed that SLC6A9 [99], FKBP1B [100], S100A12 [101], SLC6A19 [102], TXN (thioredoxin) [103], TLR9 [104], HP (haptoglobin) [105], ARG1 [106], PINK1 [107], B2M [108], C5AR1 [109], MYADM (myeloid associated differentiation marker) [110], CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase) [111], GPX1 [112], SIAH2 [113], PRDX2 [114], RDH8 [115], CYP11B2 [116], RARRES2 [117], NOX1 [118], IL33 [119], OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase) [120], CYP1A1 [121], NFATC4 [122], TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) [123], WNT4 [124], MGP (matrix Gla protein) [125], FGFBP1 [126], GHR (growth hormone receptor) [127], ERBB3 [128], GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) [129], CCDC40 [130], CACNB2 [131], CD34 [132], NOTCH3 [133], TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) [134], GNB3 [135], TP73 [136], RYR2 [137], ENPEP (glutamyl aminopeptidase) [138], SCN7A [139], WNK4 [140], SFRP5 [141], GDF15 [142], CAV1 [143], KCNA5 [144], FOXC1 [145], ASIC1 [146], VASH2 [147], CXCL8 [148], PAPPA2…”

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 gene (FLT1) longevity variant increases lifespan by reducing mortality risk posed by hypertension

“…Lifestyle and genetic factors contribute to each of these conditions. We found that the increased risk of death in patients having one or more of such aging-related conditions was ameliorated by longevity-associated genotypes of the genes FOXO3 [ 9 ], mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 gene ( MAP3K5 ) [ 10 ], growth hormone receptor gene ( GHR ) [ 11 ], and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 gene ( PIK3R1 ) [ 12 ].…”