Association of gut‐specific non‐inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness

Abstract

Objective Previous studies of AN showed low‐grade inflammation. Are low‐grade inflammation and circulating lymphocytes associated with chronic conditions? Method Peripheric blood cytokines were measured using Luminex™ technology in a chronic AN cohort (mean = 67.42 months), compared to Constitutional Thinness (CT), Constitutional Obesity (CO), and Healthy Controls (HC). Secondarily a prospective cohort of chronic AN (mean = 54.11 months) was recruited to compare the functional lymphocyte profile in blood by flow cytometry to CT and HC. Results In the AN group, most cytokine concentrations were lower than in CT and HC groups. The IL‐23 (98.02 pg/ml) was elevated related to HC and CO, and the IL‐10 (4.178 pg/ml) was elevated versus CO. In the CT group, IL‐9 (0.06216 pg/ml) was elevated compared to AN. The AN group had high Treg (9.259% of CD4+) and CD8+Integrinβ7+ (9.552% of CD3+) versus HC for lymphocyte populations. In CT group, elevated Treg (9.7% of CD4+) elevated percentage of CD4+CCR9+ (5.867% of CD3+) and CD8+Integrinβ7+ (10.21% of CD3+) were found versus HC. Conclusions The chronic state of AN and CT is surprisingly non‐inflammatory with elevated Treg cells. These results suggest that maintaining a dysregulated response to intestinal antigens may contribute to maintaining AN.

Challenges of considering both extremities of the weight status spectrum to better understand obesity: Insights from the NUTRILEAN Project in Constitutionally Thin Individuals.

“…Out of the 36 recruitment processes , only one 45 succeeded to have the minimal grade (8/10acceptable) for all of the 8 parameters considered, with only one other [39][40][41][42][43][44] that reached 7 out of these 8 parameters (Figure 1). When calculating a global quality score, it appeared that only 6 recruitment processes 22,23,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] reached at least the global mark of 80%. Figure 1 also shows that the 'metabolicrelated biasing criteria' has been less considered by studies than the 'main clinical criteria'.…”

“…The studies presented in the Figure 1 have been identi ed by an update (last bibliographic research run in February 2023) of the systematic reviews of the literature in CT completed in 2020 and 2021 48,49 (for further details in the research strategies, see these references 48,49 ). From these previous works, 4 new studies have been identi ed 26,[42][43][44] . In the present work, we refer to 'recruitment processes' instead of 'studies' as a single recruitment process sometimes led to several studies 13,14,18,19,39,40,43,44 (Figure 1).…”

“…From these previous works, 4 new studies have been identi ed 26,[42][43][44] . In the present work, we refer to 'recruitment processes' instead of 'studies' as a single recruitment process sometimes led to several studies 13,14,18,19,39,40,43,44 (Figure 1).…”

“…Indeed, 69%, 50%, 69%, and 14% of the recruitment processes respectively reached the minimal acceptable grade (8 out of 10) for 'thinness' 3,8,9,11,15,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] , 'weight history' 3,7,8,10,12,[20][21][22][23][24][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]<...…”

Challenges of considering both extremities of the weight status spectrum to better understand obesity: insights from the NUTRILEAN project in constitutionally thin individuals

“…The studies presented in the Figure 1 have been identified by an update (last bibliographic research run in February 2023) of the systematic reviews of the literature in CT completed in 2020 and 2021 48,49 (for further details in the research strategies, see these references 48,49 ). From these previous works, 4 new studies have been identified 26,[42][43][44] . In the present work, we refer to 'recruitment processes' instead of 'studies' as a single recruitment process sometimes led to several studies 13,14,18,19,39,40,43,44 (Figure 1).…”