“…They also spend less time out of the home, are at higher risk for withdrawal from leisure activities (Mikkola, Polku, Portegijs, Rantakokko, Tsai, et al, 2015) and are just generally at higher risk for social inactivity (Crews & Campbell, 2004;Mikkola, Polku, Portegijs, Rantakokko, Tsai, et al, 2015;Simonsick, Kasper, & Phillips, 1998;Viljanen, Törmäkangas, Vestergaard, & Andersen-Ranberg, 2014). In addition, studies have shown that poor hearing is associated with loneliness (Pronk, Deeg, & Kramer, 2013;Sung, Li, Blake, Betz, & Lin, 2015) and social isolation (Mick, Kawachi, & Lin, 2014;Mick & Pichora-Fuller, 2016). However, note that diverging results exist (Mick et al, 2014;Mick & Pichora-Fuller, 2016;Yamada, Nishiwaki, Michikawa, & Takebayashi, 2012), possibly caused by inconsistencies in hearing and social participation measures, and differences in study samples.…”