Association of high-density lipoprotein with development of metabolic syndrome components: a five-year follow-up in adults

Abstract

BackgroundHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) is associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is unclear whether subjects with different HDL levels develop different components of MetS over time. Our study aimed to determine what MetS components tend to emerge and change relative to different levels of HDL.MethodsDuring the period 2007 to 2012, 4,905 adults in Tongren and Xiaotangshan Hospitals in Beijing were included with no MetS, self-reported type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disease at baseline. An association rule was used to determine the changes of MetS components over time.ResultsThe incidence of MetS at follow-up was 3.40% for men and 1.50% for women in the high-normal HDL group; 6.65% and 4.55%, respectively, in the normal HDL group; and 11.05% and 6.45%, respectively, in the low HDL group. The most common transition was from healthy to healthy in normal-high or normal HDL groups (47.2% to 63.8%), whereas 11.7% to 39.9% of subjects with low HDL returned to healthy status or stayed unchanged in the low HDL group. The most common new-onset components were elevated blood pressure (9.2 to 10.0%), elevated high-density lipoprotein (5.5 to 11.0%), and raised fasting glucose (5.4 to 5.5%) in the groups with normal-high or normal HDL.ConclusionsThe incidence of MetS increased in parallel with the decrease in HDL. Adults with a low HDL level were more susceptible to developing MetS over time. Low HDL seemed to be a pre-existing phase of MetS and may be a crucial status for MetS prevention.

The improvement of large High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particle levels, and presumably HDL metabolism, depend on effects of low-carbohydrate diet and weight loss

“…Our findings support the gathering notion that changes in HDL cholesterol levels may fail to adequately reflect beneficial or detrimental changes in HDL metabolism (Joshi et al, 2016[ 16 ]; Liu et al, 2015[ 21 ]; Madahian et al, 2014[ 22 ]; Rohatgi, 2015[ 28 ]; Schwendeman et al, 2015[ 38 ]). Normal HDL metabolism appears to be crucially important for a wide variety of physiological functions including reverse cholesterol transport and protection from cardiovascular disease (Joshi et al, 2016[ 16 ]; Liu et al, 2015[ 21 ]; Rohatgi, 2015[ 28 ]; Schwendeman et al, 2015[ 38 ]).…”

“…Our findings support the gathering notion that changes in HDL cholesterol levels may fail to adequately reflect beneficial or detrimental changes in HDL metabolism (Joshi et al, 2016[ 16 ]; Liu et al, 2015[ 21 ]; Madahian et al, 2014[ 22 ]; Rohatgi, 2015[ 28 ]; Schwendeman et al, 2015[ 38 ]). Normal HDL metabolism appears to be crucially important for a wide variety of physiological functions including reverse cholesterol transport and protection from cardiovascular disease (Joshi et al, 2016[ 16 ]; Liu et al, 2015[ 21 ]; Rohatgi, 2015[ 28 ]; Schwendeman et al, 2015[ 38 ]). Although levels of HDL cholesterol are clearly and consistently predictive of cardiovascular disease risk in epidemiological studies, some randomized trials of medications that raise HDL cholesterol levels (Elshazly et al, 2015[ 8 ]; Sacks et al, 2014[ 32 ]) and a negative Mendelian randomization study of plasma HDL cholesterol (Voight et al, 2012[ 47 ]) have highlighted the need to more fully understand the complex relationships between HDL, atherosclerosis, and CVD.…”

<p>The Impact of BMI Categories on Metabolic Abnormality Development in Chinese Adults Who are Metabolically Healthy: A 7-Year Prospective Study</p>

“…35 However, the components of MetS are reported to cluster in a way that varies between different populations. 31,36,37 We also found that MHU people had impaired fasting glucose. The potential inverse relationship between vitamin D status and MetS may be attributable to the conjunctive effects of obesity and incident insulin resistance.…”

Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en estudiantes universitarios de Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia, 2014

“…En lo que respecta a los niveles de HDL, el resultado de menores niveles en mujeres concuerda parcialmente con lo hallado en un estudio adelantado en China, en el que se observó mayor correlación entre bajos niveles de HDL y SM en los hombres que en las mujeres (29).…”