Association of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>with its symbiont<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i>synergistically upregulates the in vitro proinflammatory response of human monocytes

Fiori, Pier Luigi; Diaz, Nicia; Cocco, Anna Rita; Rappelli, Paola; Dessì, Daniele

doi:10.1136/sextrans-2012-051006

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Studies demonstrated that the association of both microorganisms presents prevalence values greatly ranging from 20 to 92% 132133134135 and it might influence the cytopathogenic effect of T. vaginalis on epithelial cells and inflammatory responses 136137. In addition, a strong relationship between M. hominis co-infection and MTZ resistance in vitro was shown 135 contrasting to studies that revealed the lack of this correlation 133134.…”

Section: Pathogenicity - Opening the "Black Box" Of Trichomonas Vaginmentioning

confidence: 94%

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Menezes

Frasson

Tasca

2016

MIC

119

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Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. Transmission: Trichomoniasis is transmitted by sexual intercourse and transmission via fomites is rare. Epidemiology, incidence and prevalence: The WHO estimates an incidence of 276 million new cases each year and prevalence of 187 million of infected individuals. However, the infection is not notifiable. Pathology/Symptomatology: The T. vaginalis infection results in a variety of clinical manifestations - in most cases the patients are asymptomatic, but some may develop signs typically associated to the disease. Importantly, the main issue concerning trichomoniasis is its relationship with serious health consequences such as cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, infertility, and HIV acquisition. Molecular mechanisms of infection: To achieve success in parasitism trichomonads develop a complex process against the host cells that includes dependent- and independent-contact mechanisms. This multifactorial pathogenesis includes molecules such as soluble factors, secreted proteinases, adhesins, lipophosphoglycan that culminate in cytoadherence and cytotoxicity against the host cells. Treatment and curability: The treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole is recommended; however, cure failures remain problematic due to noncompliance, reinfection and/or lack of treatment of sexual partners, inaccurate diagnosis, or drug resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Protection: Strategies for protection including sexual behavior, condom usage, and therapy have not contributed to the decrease on disease prevalence, pointing to the need for innovative approaches. Vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of long-lasting humoral immunity associated to the absence of good animal models.

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Section: Pathogenicity - Opening the "Black Box" Of Trichomonas Vaginmentioning

confidence: 94%

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Menezes

Frasson

Tasca

2016

MIC

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, some T. vaginalis strains are infected by a dsRNA virus from the genus Trichomonasvirus, named TVV [32]. The presence of TVV and M. hominis may affect the pathogenicity of the parasite [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic

Glehn

Sá

Silva

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is considered the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection, and its occurrence exceeds that of gonococcal and chlamydia infections. This parasite has been identified as responsible for the increased risk of transmission of HIV and has also been associated with prostate and cervical cancer. Many carriers of T. vaginalis are asymptomatic and, when experiencing a health problem, they most often have nonspecific symptoms. The aim of this research was to estimate the presence of T. vaginalis and the associated factors in women of childbearing age at a primary health care clinic in the Federal District of Brazil. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling of an outpatient population of women of childbearing age (excluding minors and pregnant women). The women answered a questionnaire and were examined. After vaginal pH measurement and whiff testing, a vaginal secretion sample was obtained for inoculation in TYM, a specific T. vaginalis culture medium. Results: The presence of T. vaginalis was identified in 16% of the sample. Fewer lifetime sexual partners and consistent condom use were identified as factors of protection against the infection. Complaints of dyspareunia were proportionally higher among women with positive cultures for T. vaginalis. Conclusions: The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was high in the sample studied. The infection was positively associated with the number of lifetime sexual partners, and consistent condom use was a protective factor. Vaginal complaints were more common among women with T. vaginalis, but only dyspareunia had significant association.

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“…The protozoon induces a local inflammation exerting a cytopathic effect on vaginal cells, mediated by pore forming proteins [6]. Most T. vaginalis isolates establish a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Mycoplasma hominis, which influences the protozoan metabolism and up-regulates local inflammation [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam

Nguyen

Cao

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The diffusion of trichomoniasis in Vietnam has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam. Relationships between education, socioeconomical and marital status, and sexual behavior with infection have also been investigated. Methodology: 249 symptomatic and 534 asymptomatic women from Hue City, Vietnam, were enrolled in this study. All women were interviewed about socioeconomical and behavioral status. They underwent clinical examination, and vaginal swabs were taken to assess T. vaginalis infection by wet mount microscopy examination. In addition, an ELISA test to detect antibodies to T. vaginalis in patients' sera was used. Results: The overall prevalence of trichomoniasis assessed by microscopic examination was 6.6%. A significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups was observed, resulting in 19.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Anti-T.vaginalis antibodies were detected in 31.3% of symptomatic and in 13.3% of asymptomatic women. High-risk sexual behaviour, residence in urban areas, and low level of education were positively associated with infection. Conclusion: This is the first report on the diffusion of trichomoniasis in Central Vietnam on symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Data demonstrated that T. vaginalis is a common cause of vaginal infection in the Hue province. The prevalence detected by microscopic examination was high in symptomatic subjects, while serological ELISA test detected infection also in asymptomatic patients, who tested negative by microscopy. The ELISA test may be useful to detect infection, especially in asymptomatic population.

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Association ofTrichomonas vaginaliswith its symbiontMycoplasma hominissynergistically upregulates the in vitro proinflammatory response of human monocytes

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam

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