Association of IL-4 with pachychoroid neovasculopathy

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the inflammatory cytokines that were associated with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with PNV, 145 eyes of 145 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration without pachyvessels, and 150 eyes of 150 normal subjects were examined for the levels of intraocular cytokines. In eyes with PNV, the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and VEGF were significantly higher than that of the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the highest association with the pachyvessels was found for IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1α. In eyes with PNV, the levels of IL-4, IL-2, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β were significantly higher in eyes with both increased choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel diameter. The strongest correlation with the choroidal thickness and vessel diameter was observed for IL-4. In PNV eyes with polypoidal lesions, the levels of IL-4, IL-17, and TNFβ were significantly correlated with the number of polypoidal lesions. Of these cytokines, IL-4 was especially associated with the thickness of the choroidal vessels and the formation of polypoidal lesions. We conclude that IL-4 is most likely involved in establishing the clinical characteristics of PNV and polypoidal vascular remodeling.

Tear Fluid Cytokine Analysis: A Non-Invasive Approach for Assessing Retinopathy of Prematurity Severity

“…The eluted tear uid samples were analyzed for the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, and CCL2 using a commercial ELISA kit (Quansys Biosciences; West Logan, UT). In addition, the PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ) was used for CCL2, and the R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) for VEGF [9,10,18,19].…”

“…The results of recent studies have indicated that in ammatory cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of vaso-proliferative diseases [9,10] including ROP [11]. The tear uid has been a source of biomarkers for ocular diseases [12,13], and it is easily accessible and can be collected non-invasively [14][15][16].…”

Inflammatory Cytokines in Tear Fluid as Potential Biomarkers for Retinopathy of Prematurity

“…In addition, the PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ) was used for CCL2, and the R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) for VEGF. 9,39,45 Statistical analyses Logistic regression analyses and linear regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and coe cients based on quantiles of each cytokine level. Each tear uid cytokine quantile was compared with the lowest quantile as the reference category.…”