Association of Immune Semaphorins with COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes

Vargovic, Martina; Papic, Neven; Samadan, Lara; Balen Topic, Mirjana; Vince, Adriana

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11102786

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…143 The activities of plexin, a protein that serves as a receptor for semaphorin family signalling proteins, mediate neuropilin functions and aid axonal guidance and neural development. In turn, Nrp1 and Nrp2 act as co-receptors for the ligand semaphorins, 144,145 which may cause inappropriate immune checkpoint control of T memory cells function, B lymphocyte activities, and T regulatory cell (CD4þ/Foxp3þ/CD25) differentiation. The shift towards Treg stimulates the release of immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, depleting mucosal resistance to SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Substrate Downstream Inflammatory Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Schwartz,

Capistrano,

Gluck

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID‐19 as a pan‐epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID‐19 and oral post‐acute‐sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis‐sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD‐associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS‐CoV‐2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for ‘long‐haul’ oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.

show abstract

Section: Substrate Downstream Inflammatory Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Schwartz,

Capistrano,

Gluck

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Role of Immune Semaphorins in Sepsis—A Prospective Cohort Study

Gjurasin,

Samadan Markovic,

Radmanic Matotek

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In sepsis, a balanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response results in the bacterial clearance and resolution of inflammation, promoting clinical recovery and survival. Semaphorins, a large family of secreted and membrane-bound glycoproteins, are newly recognized biomarkers and therapeutic targets in immunological and neoplastic disorders. Although semaphorins might also be a crucial part of host defense responses to infection, their role in sepsis is yet to be determined. This study aimed to analyze the association of serum semaphorin concentrations with sepsis severity and outcomes. Serum semaphorin concentrations (SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3F, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A) were measured in 115 adult patients with community-acquired sepsis and 50 healthy controls. While SEMA3A was decreased, SEMA3C, SEMA3F, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A were increased in sepsis patients. All analyzed SEMA showed good accuracy in identifying patients with sepsis. SEMA kinetics were related to sepsis complications; SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3F, and SEMA4D with respiratory failure; SEMA3C and SEMA7A with acute kidney injury; and SEMA3C and SEMA3F were related to septic shock. Importantly, SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A were associated with 28-day mortality. In conclusion, we provide evidence that semaphorins are associated with sepsis course and outcomes.

show abstract

Association of Immune Semaphorins with COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes

Cited by 2 publications

References 55 publications

SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

The Role of Immune Semaphorins in Sepsis—A Prospective Cohort Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About