Association of Individual and Community Factors With Hepatitis C Infections Among Pregnant People and Newborns

Patrick, Stephen W.; Dupont, William D.; McNeer, Elizabeth; McPheeters, Melissa L; Aronoff, David M.; Osmundson, Sarah S.; Stein, Bradley D.

doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.3470

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The principal risk factor for hepatitis C virus transmission is use of intravenous drugs (15, 16). Since the initiation of screening of the blood supply for hepatitis C virus in 1992, transmission of hepatitis C virus infection by transfusion of blood or blood products has become rare.…”

Section: Clinical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…National standardized surveillance for perinatal hepatitis C virus infection began in 2018. Although there were only 217 perinatal hepatitis C virus infection cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2019 (15), it is anticipated that the number of reported cases will increase over time as surveillance efforts improve.…”

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy

Silva

Schiff²

2023

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to describe the specific types of viral hepatitis, their implications during pregnancy, the risk of perinatal transmission, and issues related to both treatment and prevention of infection. TARGET POPULATION: Pregnant or postpartum women and individuals who screen positive for viral hepatitis infection. The onset of these conditions may have predated the perinatal period or may have occurred for the first time in pregnancy or the first year postpartum. METHODS: This guideline was developed using an a priori protocol in conjunction with a writing team consisting of one specialist in obstetrics and gynecology appointed by the ACOG Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines–Obstetrics and one external subject matter expert. ACOG medical librarians completed a comprehensive literature search for primary literature within Cochrane Library, Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Studies that moved forward to the full-text screening stage were assessed by two authors from the writing team based on standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies underwent quality assessment, and a modified GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) evidence-to-decision framework was applied to interpret and translate the evidence into recommendation statements. RECOMMENDATIONS: This Clinical Practice Guideline includes recommendations on hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus screening in pregnancy; prepregnancy, antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum management for patients with hepatitis B virus infection or hepatitis C virus infection; management of accidental and occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus in pregnant health care workers; and hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus vaccination in pregnancy. Recommendations are classified by strength and evidence quality. Ungraded Good Practice Points are included to provide guidance when a formal recommendation could not be made because of inadequate or nonexistent evidence.

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Section: Clinical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy

Silva

Schiff²

2023

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…Recently, universal screening in pregnancy, rather than risk-based, has been widely advocated by several professional societies and adopted by the CDC and USPSTF [69,70,81–83]. This change was prompted by the continued opioid-related escalation in maternal HCV prevalence [6,7 ▪ ,84,85] and multiple demonstrations that universal screening policies uncover more HCV cases than risk-based strategies and are cost-effective [85–88].…”

Section: Improving Diagnosis To Expand Paediatric Direct-acting Antiv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 3.2 million children worldwide are chronically infected with HCV [2]. In the USA, HCV prevalence has increased dramatically over the past two decades, fuelled by the ongoing opioid crisis [3 ▪ ,4–6,7 ▪ ]. Mother-to-child transmission accounts for most paediatric HCV infections, with iatrogenic transmission in some low-middle income countries (LMICs) and adolescent IDU also contributing to the incidence [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defer no more: advances in the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children

Honegger

Gowda

2022

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of reviewDirect-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) are now approved for young children. This review examines recent DAA experience in children, current treatment recommendations and challenges, and potential treatment-as-prevention strategies.Recent findingsIn 2021, the US FDA extended approval of two pan-genotypic DAA regimens, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, to children as young as age 3 years based on high success rates and reassuring safety profiles in registry trials. Similar performance has been replicated with real-world DAA use in thousands of adolescents and in limited reports of children with high-risk conditions, including cirrhosis, cancer, thalassemia and HIV-coinfection. Treatment without delay is now recommended in the USA for viremic children aged 3 years and up to prevent disease progression and future spread. To date, treatment expansion is limited by high rates of undiagnosed paediatric infection. Universal prenatal screening will aid identification of perinatally exposed newborns, but new strategies are needed to boost testing of exposed infants and at-risk adolescents. Postpartum treatment programmes can prevent subsequent vertical transmission but are hampered by low rates of linkage to care and treatment completion. These challenges may be avoided by DAA use in pregnancy, and this warrants continued study.SummaryPaediatric HCV is now readily curable. Substantial clinical and public health effort is required to ensure widespread uptake of this therapeutic breakthrough.

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“…In the article titled “Association of Individual and Community Factors With Hepatitis C Infections Among Pregnant People and Newborns,” 1 published on October 29, 2021, there were errors in the caption and panel labels for Figure 2. This article was corrected online.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Errors in Figure 2 Caption and Panel Labels

2021

JAMA Health Forum

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Association of Individual and Community Factors With Hepatitis C Infections Among Pregnant People and Newborns

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy

Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy

Defer no more: advances in the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children

Errors in Figure 2 Caption and Panel Labels

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