Association of injury pattern and entrapment location inside damaged buildings in the 2016 Taiwan earthquake

Pan, Shih Tien; Cheng, Ya-Yun; Wu, Chen Long; Chang, Ray Hsienho; Chiu, Chihsin; Foo, Ning Ping; Chen, Pao Tien; Wang, Tai Yuan; Chen, Li Hsing; Chen, Chien Jung; Ong, Roger; Tsai, Chang Chih; Hsu, Chien Chin; Hsieh, Li Wei; Hsien, Chih; Lin, Chih Hao

doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2018.05.012

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The field operation in response to the 2016 Taiwan earthquake lasted from February 6 to February 14, 2016 [21]. The 13,772 person-day workforce deployed during the 9 day field operation was recorded in the registry system established by the Tainan City Government [22,23]. The field workers included light urban search and rescue teams, hospital-based disaster medical assistance teams, official and volunteer firefighters, and EMTs.…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study

Hsiao

Chang

Chun

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Although several factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in disaster rescue workers were identified in previous studies, the results were inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the prognostic factors of PTSD among disaster rescuers using different screening tools. A 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck southern Taiwan on February 6, 2016. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who responded to the earthquake were recruited. The initial survey was conducted one month after the earthquake using a standardized, self-reported, paper-based questionnaire. After six months, we re-evaluated the EMTs using the same questionnaire that was used in the baseline survey. A total of 38 EMT-paramedics were enrolled in the final analysis. Significant differences in PTSD scores at baseline existed between EMTs with and without certain risk factors. The interaction between survey time and risk factors was not significant, but several risk factors correlated with a nonsignificant improvement in the PTSD score after the 6-month follow-up. Perfectionism personality characteristics and several specific field experiences (managing injured patients, managing dead victims, managing dead victims who were pregnant, managing emotionally distraught families, or guilty feelings during the missions) might affect different subdomains of PTSD symptom improvement. Disaster rescuers should be followed up after their missions, regardless of their age, gender, or previous experience with disaster response. EMTs with certain personality characteristics or who are involved in specific field operations should be carefully monitored during and after disaster rescue missions.

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Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study

Hsiao

Chang

Chun

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Victims of earthquake-related disasters may present with a wide spectrum of injuries and severities [22][23][24]. In the present study, traumatic injuries were predominant, followed by burns and inhalation injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Comparison between simple triage and rapid treatment and Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale for the emergency department triage of victims following an earthquake-related mass casualty incident: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background: Triage plays a crucial role in the emergency department (ED) management of mass casualty incidents (MCIs) when resources are limited. This study aimed to compare the performance of simple triage and rapid treatment (START) with that of the Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale (TTAS) for the ED triage of victims following an earthquake-related MCI. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of victims presenting at our ED with earthquake-related injuries within 24 h of a large-scale earthquake. TTAS was initially used at our ED for this event, and START was performed by retrospectively reviewing the patient records in a blinded manner. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of START and TTAS were determined for predicting ED discharge. Results: We enrolled 105 patients (predominantly women, 60.0%; median age, 45.0 years) in this study; most of them presented with traumatic injuries and were initially triaged as TTAS level III (78.1%), followed by TTAS level II (11.4%). Although the majority of the victims (81.0%) were discharged, four deaths occurred. A moderate agreement in differentiating emergency from nonemergency patients was observed between START and TTAS. Furthermore, both the triage systems showed similar predictions for ED disposition (START AUC/sensitivity/specificity: 0.709/82.35%/ 55.00%; TTAS AUC/sensitivity/specificity: 0.709/90.59%/45.00%). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that START and TTAS have similar triage accuracy and ability to predict ED disposition. Our findings demonstrate that START may be used as an alternative to TTAS for the ED triage of victims following earthquake-related MCIs.

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“…22 The conditions triggered by an earthquake that affect the likelihood and degree of damage Open access are referred to as 'earthquake population With the global population's continued growth and large-scale urbanisation, earthquakes will pose a greater threat to human safety. 8 While our level of technology does not allow us to accurately predict an earthquake, earthquakes can be researched from two perspectives to minimise, as much as possible, the number of people killed or injured. 23 First, earthquake disaster susceptibility assessments should be completed well in advance of an earthquake, 24 with disaster avoidance and mitigation systems improved in areas where population vulnerability is relatively high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several injury triage methods are available, such as the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) technique; CareFlight Injury Triage (CareFlight); Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS); Triage Revised Trauma Score (T-RTS) and Triage Early Warning Score (TEWS). The earliest and most widely used injury triage method is the START technique which evaluates patients by their degree of action (walking), breathing, blood flow perfusion, and consciousness status, 8 classifying patients into red tags (immediate treatment), yellow tags (delayed treatment), green tags (minor injuries) and black tags (not expected to be saved). 9 CareFlight is a simplified procedure, similar to the START technique, which divides patients into four categories, namely, red, yellow, green and black tags, mainly through the assessment of movement (walking), consciousness, breathing and blood flow perfusion.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of earthquake casualties and comparison of accuracy of five injury triage methods: evidence from a retrospective study

Peng

2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThe use of an injury triage method among earthquake injury patients can facilitate the reasonable allocation of resources, but the various existing injury triage methods need further confirmation. This study aims to assess the accuracy of several injury triage methods, namely, the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) technique; CareFlight Injury Triage (CareFlight); Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS); Triage Revised Trauma Score (T-RTS) and Triage Early Warning Score (TEWS), based on their effects on earthquake injury patients.DesignData in the Huaxi Earthquake Casualty Database were analysed retrospectively.SettingThis study was conducted in China.ParticipantsData on 29 523 earthquake casualties were separately evaluated using the START technique, CareFlight, REMS, T-RTS and TEWS, with these being the five types of injury triage studied.Primary outcome measureThe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the five injury triages were calculated based on hospital deaths, injury severity scores greater than 15 points, and whether casualties stayed in the intensive care unit.ResultsThe ROC curve areas of the START technique, CareFlight, REMS, T-RTS and TEWS were 0.750, 0.737, 0.835, 0.736 and 0.797, respectively. Among the five injury triages, the most accurate in predicting hospital deaths was REMS, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.835, with this due to the inclusion of more evaluation indicators.ConclusionAll methods had an effect on the triage of earthquake mass casualties. Among them, the REMS injury triage method had the largest AUC of the five triage methods. Except for REMS, no obvious difference was found in the effect of the other four injury triage methods.

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Association of injury pattern and entrapment location inside damaged buildings in the 2016 Taiwan earthquake

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study

Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study

Comparison between simple triage and rapid treatment and Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale for the emergency department triage of victims following an earthquake-related mass casualty incident: a retrospective cohort study

Assessment of earthquake casualties and comparison of accuracy of five injury triage methods: evidence from a retrospective study

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