Association of Late Marriage and Low Childbirth with Cervical Cancer Screening among Korean Women: Results from a Nationwide Survey

Shin, Hang-Sik; Park, Sohee; Choi, Kui Son; Jun, Jae Kwan

doi:10.3390/cancers14020327

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies [22,39], we found that single participants were 1.85 times more likely to be classified as non-adherent compared to married participants. A systematic review of factors affecting women's health services utilisation in developing countries suggested that demand for services is lower among single women than married women [64].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Though limited, sub-Saharan African studies have shown associations between non-adherence and factors such as socio-demographic factors, the role of healthcare providers, financial factors, and cervical cancer knowledge. Non-adherence tends to be associated with older age [ 20 ], lower educational attainment [ 21 ], being single [ 22 ], lack of health professional advice [ 23 ], low socioeconomic status [ 24 ], and lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and its prevention [ 18 ]. Similarly, poor healthcare-seeking behaviour, long-distance and time to health facility [ 25 ], and not having health insurance [ 26 ] seem to be associated with non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among women in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Background In 2018, Eswatini had the world's highest age-standardised cervical cancer incidence rate. Cervical cancer screening reduces women’s risk of invasive cervical cancer. Data on adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations in Eswatini are scarce. The purpose of the current study was to determine Eswatini women’s self-reported adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations, attitudes toward screening, and factors associated with non-adherence. Methods A cross-sectional survey of women (n = 377) aged 25 to 59 accessing primary healthcare clinics (n = 4) in Eswatini assessed screening participation, attitudes and knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening, and socio-demographic variables. Adjusted logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with non-adherence to Eswatini cervical cancer screening recommendations. Results One hundred and sixty-six (44%) women were classified as adherent to cervical cancer screening recommendations. Attitudinal barriers endorsed by over one-third of participants included a perceived low risk of cervical cancer (n = 161, 43%) and a view that screening is likely to be painful (n = 146, 38%). Participants had higher odds of being classified as non-adherent if they: were single compared with married (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.01, p = 0.03), perceived screening as likely painful (OR = 4.43, 95% CI: 2.62, 7.46, p < 0.001); and had not been advised by a doctor/ nurse to screen (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.71, 4.64, p < 0.001). Also, a 1-year increase in age was associated with an increase in the odds of being classified as non-adherent (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.45, p = 0.01). Conclusions Self-reported adherence was moderate among this group of women. Tailored interventions are needed to increase participation in cervical cancer screening, especially for those women with characteristics associated with being classified as non-adherent. Primary healthcare clinic nurses (and other health providers) may contribute toward improving participation in cervical cancer screening by advising eligible women to screen and providing health education addressing negative attitudes toward screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among women in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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“…In many cultures, including South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea), unmarried women grapple with the stigma surrounding sexual and reproductive health (SRH), often opting to suffer in silence rather than seek necessary care [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Conversations about SRH topics remain taboo, hindering access to essential services, such as screening and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [3,7].…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating and Coping: Women’s Co-Designed Strategies for Cultivating Supportive Online Spaces for Sexual and Reproductive Health (Preprint)

Ryu,

Pratt

2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Online communities that many women use for support and safety on stigmatized sexual and reproductive health issues often expose them to microaggressions, discouraging necessary medical care. The discouragement from online communities and reluctance to seek care due to stigma poses significant health risks for unmarried women, such as cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to cultivate a resilient and safe space for support on the culturally taboo topic of sexual and reproductive health by counteracting and reducing online microaggressions. We sought to make these last-resort safe spaces truly supportive by reducing the negative effects of microaggressions on the targets and allies’ health and well-being and educating rather than solely punishing perpetrators. METHODS We conducted co-design sessions with 14 unmarried Korean women. In the first co-design session, we first introduced the term microaggression and collaborated with participants to create base design components aimed at countering and preventing them. In the second co-design session, participants went through three stages: initially viewing post-comment samples, then designing with provided base design templates inspired by their suggestions, and finally, designing for a scenario where they themselves would be seeking support. We used inductive and deductive methods to analyze the co-design session transcripts. RESULTS Our analysis revealed six goals that focus on coping and educational, rather than punitive approaches for counteracting microaggressions. Goals 2, 3, and 6 focus on coping with microaggressions. Goal 2 (positive support) and Goal 6 (holistic understanding) help targets use reflective coping by providing objective standards and a full picture to reassess situations, while Goal 3 (emotion management) encourages less emotional responses to make claims appear less subjective and support suppressive coping. Goals 1, 4, and 5 focus on educational approaches. Goals 1 (shared knowledge) and 5 (respectful education) highlight educational approaches, aiming to inform all users about microaggressions and their impacts, while emphasizing respectful education to perpetrators regarding the negative effects of their actions. Additionally, Goal 4 (expert guidance) involves forum-approved experts leading discussions to provide accurate information and critical reactions. Resulting designs reflected the participants’ culture by discouraging approaches that would either burden their social support network or fuel perceptions that women are too emotional. CONCLUSIONS Our work advocates for prioritizing educational and explanatory approaches over punitive detection and deletion measures to create supportive online spaces for stigmatized sexual and reproductive health. This shift not only aids targets and allies in coping with microaggressions but also encourages perpetrators to reflect on the impact of their actions. Our work provides a first step toward counteracting microaggressions and ultimately encouraging women to seek needed sexual and reproductive health care.

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Depression as a Risk Factor for Gynecological Cancers: Evidence from a National Study

Wang,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Depression is one of the leading sources of disease burden globally and plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of many cancers, representing an important health risk. However, the relationship between depression and the risk of gynecologic cancers has not been fully assessed. Objective: This study aims to explore the association between depression and the risk of gynecologic cancers. Methods: The study selected 11,574 participants from the NHANES 2009-2018 cycles, among which 274 had gynecologic cancer (GC), 137 had cervical cancer (CC), 48 had ovarian cancer (OC), and 89 had endometrial cancer (EC). Box plots were used to assess the differences in PHQ-9 depression scores between cancer and non-cancer groups. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to evaluate the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and gynecologic cancers. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests examined the consistency of the association across different characteristics. Results: There was a significant difference in PHQ-9 scores between the cancer group and the non-cancer group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated with GC, OC, and EC, while no significant association was found with CC risk. The RCS model also indicated no nonlinear association. Additionally, subgroup analyses suggested that the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and CC and OC was consistent across groups, whereas the association between PHQ-9 scores and GC and EC showed heterogeneity in relation to race and marital status. Conclusion: Depression is positively correlated with gynecologic cancers. Specifically, higher levels of depression are associated with an increased risk of OC and EC, while no significant association was found with CC risk. Future attention should be given to the impact of depression on the incidence of gynecologic cancers, particularly OC and EC.

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Association of Late Marriage and Low Childbirth with Cervical Cancer Screening among Korean Women: Results from a Nationwide Survey

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among women in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study

Non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among women in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study

Educating and Coping: Women’s Co-Designed Strategies for Cultivating Supportive Online Spaces for Sexual and Reproductive Health (Preprint)

Depression as a Risk Factor for Gynecological Cancers: Evidence from a National Study

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