Association of lead and cadmium exposure with kidney stone incidence: A study on the non-occupational population in Nandan of China

Huang, Jiong Li; Mo, Zhao Yu; Li, Zhong You; Liang, Gui Yun; Liu, Hui Lin; Aschner, Michael; Ou, Shi Yan; Zhou, Bin; Chen, Zhi Ming; Jiang, Yue-Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126852

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A similar significant association was also observed in two previous studies (15,16). Of note, in a cohort study with an ample sample size (35,545 men and 33,050 women), no significant association was found between dietary cadmium intake and kidney stones (hazard ratio = 0.97 for men and 0.99 for women), contrary to our findings (11). However, it should be highlighted that dietary cadmium exposure may not reflect the actual cadmium burden in the body.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, Ferraro et al (10) included 15,690 participants and found that women with urinary cadmium >1 µg/g had a 1.40-fold risk of renal stones. Contrary to their findings, Thomas et al (11) reported that dietary cadmium was not associated with kidney stone risk in two large prospective cohorts in the general population. In addition, a cross-sectional study in China enrolled 1,293 participants and found that coexposure to cadmium and lead was associated with higher risks of renal stones (12); however, this increased risk was not significant in participants with cadmium exposure only.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Therefore, the inconsistent association may be explained by different definitions of cadmium exposure. In addition, Huang et al ( 12 ) also reported that co-exposure to cadmium and lead could significantly increase the risk of kidney stones. Exposure to heavy metal is generally not isolated but coexistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to their findings, Thomas et al ( 11 ) reported that dietary cadmium was not associated with kidney stone risk in two large prospective cohorts in the general population. In addition, a cross-sectional study in China enrolled 1,293 participants and found that co-exposure to cadmium and lead was associated with higher risks of renal stones ( 12 ); however, this increased risk was not significant in participants with cadmium exposure only. The association between cadmium and kidney stone is inconsistent in previous studies and still needs further exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020)

Zai-zhi

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone risk is inconsistent in previous studies, which needs further exploration. This study was performed to explore the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone.Materials and methodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2020) were included and further analyzed. Urinary cadmium was stratified into quartiles with quartile 1 (Q1: 0.025–0.104 μg/L) and quartile 4 (Q4: 0.435–7.581 μg/L). Further weighted logistic regression was adopted to evaluate the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone. A subgroup analysis was used to verify the findings. The non-linear association was examined using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression.ResultsA total of 9,056 adults aged 20 years and above were included in this study. In the fully adjusted model, an increased risk of kidney stones was identified for quartile 2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06–1.84, P < 0.05), quartile 3 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.88–1.59, P > 0.05), and quartile 4 (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.10–2.06, P < 0.05). A similar association was found between continuous cadmium increase and OR of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01–1.26, P < 0.05). The RCS also indicated a non-linear association between urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone risk (P for non-linear < 0.001).ConclusionIn summary, cadmium exposure is identified as a risk factor for kidney stones in this study. Their non-linear association makes demands on early intervention for the cadmium-exposed population. Medical interventions for kidney stone prevention should take cadmium exposure into account.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020)

Zai-zhi

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…A recent study published in 2021 done in China on non-occupational exposure found 3.16 times the odds of renal stones with a high level of lead in blood (>100μg/L) in males; however, the odd ratio became 3.43 in the presence of high cadmium in urine and high-level leads in blood. In females, there is a significant correlation between nephrolithiasis and a combination of both high blood lead and urinary cadmium (OR 2.58) [ 23 ]. A study was done on 6,748 individuals with exposure to environmental cadmium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Incident Kidney Stones in Indian Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Singh¹,

Gupta²,

Mishra³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundThe diverse manifestations of urolithiasis provide very interesting epidemiological data. This has prompted various studies to look into the etiopathogenesis of renal stones, which is believed to be multifactorial, both exogenous and endogenous. VDR Fok1 is a risk factor for renal stone formation and could cause the formation of renal stones through the mechanism of crystal induction and crystallization in the urine. While a few recent studies have shown the role of heavy metals like cadmium and lead in the formation of renal stones, the current knowledge is still insufficient. MethodsThis case-control prospective study was conducted in Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, a tertiary care facility in Delhi with 30 cases and 30 controls. Patients visiting the department of surgery between November 2011 and April 2013 were enrolled in the study. Cases were defined as patients with renal stones diagnosed on the basis of history and radiological investigations. Controls were selected from the patients admitted to the department of surgery for reasons other than renal stones. The study protocol was approved by the

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Association between exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead and chronic kidney disease: evidence from four practical statistical models

Huang,

Mao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Environ Geochem Health

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Association of lead and cadmium exposure with kidney stone incidence: A study on the non-occupational population in Nandan of China

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020)

National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020)

Risk Factors of Incident Kidney Stones in Indian Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Association between exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead and chronic kidney disease: evidence from four practical statistical models

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