Association of lens opacities, intraocular straylight, contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in European drivers

Michael, Ralph; Rijn, L.J. van; Berg, Thomas; Barraquer, Rafael I.; Grabner, Günther; Wilhelm, Helmut; Coeckelbergh, Tanja; Emesz, Martin; Marvan, Patrick; Nischler, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01326.x

Cited by 67 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similarly, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity cannot be used to assess the amount of straylight in the human eye. 4,14 Straylight can be measured with dedicated instrumentation such as the clinically available C-Quant instrument (Oculus Optikger€ ate GmbH).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ocular straylight in the normal pseudophakic eye

Łabuz¹,

Reus²,

Berg³

2015

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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PURPOSE:To assess normal values for straylight in the pseudophakic eye as a function of age and to develop a model to predict the improvement in straylight after lens extraction based on preoperative straylight levels.SETTING: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. DESIGN:Review with retrospective cross-study analysis.METHODS: A literature review was performed to identify relevant papers on straylight and pseudophakia with no patient comorbidities. Sixteen papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The postoperative results were used to define the norm for straylight in pseudophakia. Straylight improvement after lens replacement was assessed by evaluation of preoperative and postoperative values. The age effect was incorporated to determine a model for straylight improvement. RESULTS:The mean postoperative straylight value derived from 16 studies (1869 eyes) was 1.21 log units G 0.21 (SD). Age dependence could be assessed from 13 studies (1533 eyes), resulting in the straylight age-norm curve in pseudophakic eyes as follows: Straylight value Z 0.0044 Â age C 0.89 with G 0.42 log units of 95% confidence interval. A strong correlation was observed between preoperative straylight and its improvement after lens extraction, yielding the following relationship: Straylight improvement Z 1.04 Â preoperative straylight value À 0.006 Â age À 0.84. CONCLUSION:A norm for straylight in the pseudophakic eye was developed that is considerably different from the previously published norm for the phakic eye. The new pseudophakic norm can be used clinically to predict the straylight value after lens replacement and as a reference criterion for clinical studies.

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confidence: 99%

Ocular straylight in the normal pseudophakic eye

Łabuz¹,

Reus²,

Berg³

2015

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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“…For the clinician, indications for cataract surgery are derived primarily from slit-lamp examination and visual acuity testing, but this evaluation is fraught with problems as the slit lamp image depends on backscatter while visual acuity, as has been noted, may frequently underestimate functional visual impairment impaired by forward scatter. Although cataracts have been grouped and graded according to opacification categories [2], no correlation has been observed between glare sensitivity demonstrated by a number of devices and the backscatter opacification assessed by the type or grade of cataract [21][22][23][24]. However, a weak relation has been noted by some investigators [21,22] between cataract grading and high contrast chart visual acuity that may be due to alterations in refraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outcomes of glare testing in clinical studies, however, most often have correlated poorly with various validity measures such as outdoor visual acuity in bright sunlight, [34,36], questionnaires assessing perceived visual disability, [23,24,35,38] or measured forward light scatter [23,35,38]. In addition, the repeatability, as well as the discriminative ability of those glare tests that have been studied were often found to be inadequate [24,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Measurement of Central Visual Acuity under Mesopic and Glare Conditions in Eyes with Nuclear Cataract

Gutstein¹,

Sinclair²,

Presti³

et al. 2015

J Comput Sci Syst Biol

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BackgroundCataract lens opacification and color changes, occurring with age [1,2] and with systemic or ocular disease [3][4][5], world-wide have become the most common cause of visual complaints, primarily of glare and reduced contrast for multiple tasks in bright as well as dim light. Central visual acuity (VA), as measured by high contrast charts, has been demonstrated to be a poor determinant of visual function as well as patient complaints in eyes with significant cataract changes [6]. Patients having a cataract may demonstrate good visual acuity, whereas the contrast sensitivity testing demonstrates impairment even at early stages of the cataract development [3][4][5][7][8][9], especially when the eye is tested with off-axis glare. Bailey [10] and Lasa et al. [5] tested patients with cataracts using the Pelli-Robson and Vistech contrast sensitivity charts and reported that while both appear to evaluate visual function in moderate to advance cataracts, for early cataracts they and others [11] suggested that other techniques need to be developed including methods that utilize different luminance environments and off-axis glare elements in order to understand the range of visual disability under the varying environment conditions commonly presented during day and evening activities.As the lens ages there is a linear increase in lens opalescence and absorption of light, especially for blue light [12][13][14][15][16]. The increased absorption by the lens reduces retinal illumination and the opalescence increases diffraction and forward scatter, causing reductions in contrast sensitivity and colour discrimination [17]. A loss of contrast sensitivity has been observed with brunescence or opalescence of the lens causing loss primarily in the middle and high spatial frequencies [12]. This causes greater difficulty in vision under unfavourable lighting conditions especially at dusk where older individuals require higher contrasts to recognize and differentiate objects [10,18,19]. In addition, whereas the pupil diameter of a healthy 20-year-old on average is 5.3 mm in dim illumination, the pupil of a 60-year-old typically has a diameter of 3.2 mm [20] resulting in one third of the retinal illumination in dim environments. Contrast sensitivity testing has been demonstrated to remain stable until the age of approximately 65 years beyond which it and overall visual function decline rapidly [12,19], thought primarily due to senile miosis and progressive nuclear sclerosis, as well as with the aging of neural elements, both retinal and brain [20].The increased opalescence of the lens with cataract development results in increased forward light scatter [21] that produces a veiling Abstract Purpose: The CVA is an interactive, automated computer device that rapidly thresholds central acuity under conditions mimicking customary photopic and mesopic activities. In sequence, the CVA may test up to 6 environments, in this series under 3 mesopic environments (98%, 50% MC against 1.6 cd/m 2 background, 25% MC against 5 cd/m 2 ), the...

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“…Both psychophysical and optical methods have been used to measure forward light scatter, with the former being particularly meaningful because of their dependency on participant perception [4]. Straylight increases with age [5,6] and in cataract [7][8][9] and some other pathologies [10][11][12]. Objective corneal scatter have been measured, with two studies [13,14] but not a third [15] finding increases in people with diabetes compared with controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Straylight, lens yellowing and aberrations of eyes in Type 1 diabetes

Adnan

Suheimat

Mathur

et al. 2015

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Straylight, lens yellowing and ocular aberrations were assessed in a group of people with type 1 diabetes and in an age matched control group. Most of the former had low levels of neuropathy. Relative to the control group, the type 1 diabetes group demonstrated greater straylight, greater lens yellowing, and differences in some higher-order aberration co-efficients without significant increase in root-mean-square higher-order aberrations. Differences between groups did not increase significantly with age. The results are similar to the findings for ocular biometry reported previously for this group of participants, and suggest that age-related changes in the optics of the eyes of people with well-controlled diabetes need not be accelerated.

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Association of lens opacities, intraocular straylight, contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in European drivers

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

Ocular straylight in the normal pseudophakic eye

Ocular straylight in the normal pseudophakic eye

Computer Measurement of Central Visual Acuity under Mesopic and Glare Conditions in Eyes with Nuclear Cataract

Straylight, lens yellowing and aberrations of eyes in Type 1 diabetes

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