Association of low-density lipoprotein particle size distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children

Abstract

The presence of small, dense LDL as a metabolic marker of lifestyle-related diseases in children seems to be reflected by a serum lipid profile characterized by an elevation in TG, a reduction in HDL-C, and a raised AI.

Lifestyle intervention improves lipoprotein particle size and distribution without weight loss in obese Latino adolescents

“…Therefore, obesity-dependent and independent mechanisms underlying improvements in lipoprotein particle size and distribution may be operative. In children, LDL particle size is associated with traditional markers of CVD risk, including TG and HDL-c (19). In the present investigation, changes in LDL particle size were observed in the absence of changes in total HDL-c (although redistribution of cholesterol in HDL was noted) and unrelated to changes in TG.…”

New Cholesterol Guidelines for Children?

“…Lipoprotein biochemistry has received little attention in children. 18 The original guideline for considering pharmacological treatment, an LDL cholesterol level Ն190 mg/dL in children Ͼ10 years of age, was based on clinical judgment and remains highly controversial. Statins were just being introduced in 1992 and thus were not included as treatment options.…”

Estimation of LDL Particle Size Using Lipid Indices: A Population-Based Study of 1578 Schoolchildren

“…This study used strict fasting blood samples collected from more than 1500 subjects, thus eliminating the effects of postprandial elevation of TG or insulin on lipoprotein metabolism and LDL particle size. 4,18 In terms of LDL particle size by sex, despite methodological differences, higher mean LDL particle sizes have been reported in females compared with males. 3,24 We did not observe any such difference by sex in our study [26.64 nm (boys) vs. 26.66 nm (girls)].…”

“…1,2 Therefore, the measurement of LDL particle diameter is not routinely performed in the clinical setting. As surrogate markers of LDL particle size, the relationships between LDL particle size and several lipid indices easily derived from a lipid panel, such as LDL-C/apolipoprotein B (Apo B), 17 atherogenic index, 18 total cholesterol (TC)/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 19 triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C, 20 and non-HDL-C, 21 have been proposed in adults with inconsistent results; however, investigations in children have been limited.…”