Association of magnesium intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

ObjectiveThe detailed associations between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and total stroke and magnesium intake as well as the dose–response trend should be updated in a timely manner.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were rigorously searched from inception to 15 March 2019.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies investigating these two diseases were included.Data synthesisRelative risk (RR) and 95% CI in random effects models as well as absolute risk (AR) were pooled to calculate the risk of T2D and stroke. Methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsForty-one studies involving 53 cohorts were included. The magnitude of the risk was significantly reduced by 22% for T2D (RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.81); p<0.001; AR reduction 0.120%), 11% for total stroke (RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.94); p<0.001; AR reduction 0.281%) and 12% for ischaemic stroke (RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.95); p=0.001; AR reduction 0.246%) when comparing the highest magnesium intake to the lowest. The inverse association still existed when studies on T2D were adjusted for cereal fibre (RR 0.79; p<0.001) and those on total stroke were adjusted for calcium (RR 0.89; p=0.040). Subgroup analyses suggested that the risk for total and ischaemic stroke was significantly decreased in females, participants with ≥25 mg/m2body mass index and those with ≥12-year follow-up; the reduced risk in Asians was not as notable as that in North American and European populations.ConclusionsMagnesium intake has significantly inverse associations with T2D and total stroke in a dose-dependent manner. Feasible magnesium-rich dietary patterns may be highly beneficial for specific populations and could be highlighted in the primary T2D and total stroke prevention strategies disseminated to the public.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018092690.

Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes

“…Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often associated with altered Mg 2+ homeostasis and Mg 2+ intake is inversely associated with the risk of T2D in a dose-response manner [ 79 , 80 ]. Epidemiologic studies have shown a high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in subjects with T2D [ 81 , 82 ]. Mg 2+ depletion in patients with T2D is mainly caused by a low intake and an increased urinary loss of Mg 2+ , probably resulting from impaired renal function [ 82 ].…”

Going to the roots of reduced magnesium dietary intake: A tradeoff between climate changes and sources

“…A significant inverse correlation between Mg intake and the risk for diabetes has been reported [ 20 , 21 ]. Moreover, recent systematic reviews and metanalyses associate hypomagnesemia with the diagnosis and progression of type 1 and 2 diabetes [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Magnesium intake and vascular structure and function: the Hoorn Study

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common morbidities and the leading cause of death worldwide [1,2]. In addition to traditional risk factors of CVD, such as physical inactivity, tobacco use, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes, magnesium deficiency gained interest during recent years as a potentially modifiable risk factor of CVD [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”