Association of malnutrition with renal function in children with kidney disease

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is a serious and lasting burden worldwide. Woman, infants, children, and adolescents are at particular risk of malnutrition. Prevalence of malnutrition children under 5 years in 2020 was 45 million were estimated to be wasted, and 38.9 million were overweight or obese. Around 45% of deaths among children under 5 years old were related to undernutrition, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Children with kidney disease was a risk factor to become a malnutrition. Malnutrition increases morbidity and mortality in children with kidney disease. Earlier studies showed a high prevalence rate of malnutrition in children with chronic kidney disease. Objectives: The aim of the study to associate malnutrition with renal function in children with kidney disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children with kidney disease aged 2-17 years who met the inclusion criteria who were hospitalized at the Inpatient Department/SMF Department of Child Health Sciences, Dr. Hospital. Soetomo, Surabaya from October to December 2020 after taking approval from parents and institutional ethics committee in the department of Pediatrics. Detailed anthropometric measurements were taken and grading of malnutrition was calculated according to WHO, CDC, and Waterlow criteria. Serum creatinine was measured for each sample. Results: There were 157 samples met the inclusion criteria. Sex between male and female almost balanced (54.8%:45.2%) and the median age was 13 years-old. The most frequent diagnosis in this group was lupus nephritic (68%). Forty eight percent of total samples were malnutrition, which most of them were moderate malnutrition. Estimated glomerular filtration rate of moderate malnutrition was normal in 12 (23.5%) cases, decreased in 39 (76.5%) cases. A significant statistically was showed between malnutrition with severe estimated glomerular filtration rate (P 0.000) Conclusions: Malnutrition was a common finding in nutritional status of children with kidney disease. There was a correlation between nutritional status and renal function in children with kidney disease.