Association of manganese effluent with the application of fertilizer and manure on tea field

Ishibashi, Yuko; Matsuo, Hiroshi; Baba, Yoshiteru; Nagafuchi, Yoshitaka; Imato, Toshihiko; Hirata, Tatemasa

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.006

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Being rich in biologically active metabolites, such as tea polyphenols, theanine, and polysaccharides, tea leaves have long been used as the raw materials for dietary supplements, health foods, cosmeceuticals, and especially the production of non-alcoholic caffeine-containing beverages in the world [11, 12]. As sessile organisms, tea plants are continuously exposed to various adverse environmental conditions, such as drought stress [13], heat stress [14], salinity stress [15], and especially heavy metal stresses, which considerably affect tea growth, production, and quality [16–21]. For example, high concentration of Mn decreased tea production [16, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As sessile organisms, tea plants are continuously exposed to various adverse environmental conditions, such as drought stress [13], heat stress [14], salinity stress [15], and especially heavy metal stresses, which considerably affect tea growth, production, and quality [16–21]. For example, high concentration of Mn decreased tea production [16, 17]. Zn-stress decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, growth and relative water content of Camellia sinensis considerably [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliable reference genes for normalization of gene expression data in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) exposed to metal stresses

Wang

Xin

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] are an important leaf-type crop that are widely used for the production of non-alcoholic beverages in the world. Exposure to excessive amounts of heavy metals adversely affects the quality and yield of tea leaves. To analyze the molecular responses of tea plants to heavy metals, a reliable quantification of gene expression is important and of major importance herein is the normalization of the measured expression levels for the target genes. Ideally, stably expressed reference genes should be evaluated in all experimental systems. In this study, 12 candidate reference genes (i.e., 18S rRNA, Actin, CYP, EF-1α, eIF-4α, GAPDH, MON1, PP2AA3, TBP, TIP41, TUA, and UBC) were cloned from tea plants, and the stability of their expression was examined systematically in 60 samples exposed to diverse heavy metals (i.e., manganese, aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc). Three Excel-based algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate the expression stability of these genes. PP2AA3 and 18S rRNA were the most stably expressed genes, even though their expression profiles exhibited some variability. Moreover, commonly used reference genes (i.e., GAPDH and TBP) were the least appropriate reference genes for most samples. To further validate the suitability of the analyzed reference genes, the expression level of a phytochelatin synthase gene (i.e., CsPCS1) was determined using the putative reference genes for data normalizations. Our results may be beneficial for future studies involving the quantification of relative gene expression levels in tea plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable reference genes for normalization of gene expression data in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) exposed to metal stresses

Wang

Xin

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…The chemical forms of manganese in the soil are known to depend on pH. Under acidic soil conditions, manganese bearing minerals dissolve and the water soluble manganese content of the soil (Mn 2+ ) increases as shown in the following equations [32] .…”

Section: Plant Available Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Assessment of the Characteristics of Saturated Wetland Soil and a Well Drained Forest Soil

Snow¹,

Ghaly²

2007

American J. of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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A surface flow wetland was constructed in the Burnside Industrial Park, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, to treat stormwater runoff from the surrounding watersheds which are comprised primarily of commercial properties and two former landfills. The aim was to protect a freshwater ecosystem that consists of a 4.6 km long brook and two lakes. A comparative analysis of the pH, total and plant available iron, total and plant available manganese and organic carbon content of a saturated soil collected from a naturally vegetated island in the constructed wetland and a drained soil collected from a nearby forest was performed. The pH of the soil of the constructed wetland was significantly greater than the pH of the forest soil. The total iron concentrations in the soil of the constructed wetland were significantly greater than those in the forest soil. There was no significant difference between the plant available iron concentrations in the soil of the constructed wetland and those in the forest soil. The total manganese and the plant available manganese concentrations in the soil of the constructed wetland were significantly greater than those in the forest soil. There was no significant difference between the organic carbon concentrations in the soil of the constructed wetland and those in the forest soil

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“…Tea is a perennial, evergreen woody plant, and some plants have lived for more than a thousand years. During its long life, tea faces many biotic and abiotic stresses, including pathogens, insects, low and high temperatures, and heavy metals [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, tea can be used as a perennial, medicinal species to characterize how defence responses are activated or suppressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a DNA-based real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Colletotrichum camelliae growth in tea (Camellia sinensis)

Chen

Wei

et al. 2020

Plant Methods

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Background: Tea, which is produced from new shoots of existing tea plants (Camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular, non-alcoholic, healthy beverages worldwide. Colletotrichum camelliae is one of the dominant fungal pathogens of tea. The interaction of C. camelliae with tea could be a useful pathosystem to elucidate various aspects of woody, medicinal plant-fungal interactions. Currently, many studies characterizing resistance or virulence and aggressiveness use lesion size at the infection sites on the leaves to quantify the growth of the pathogen. However, this method does not offer the sensitivity needed for the robust quantification of small changes in aggressiveness or the accurate quantification of pathogen growth at the early stages of infection. Results:A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed for the quantification of C. camelliae growth on tea plant. This method was based on the comparison of fungal DNA in relation to plant biomass. This assay was used to investigate the phenotypes of tea plant cultivars in response to C. camelliae infection. Two cultivars, Zhongcha 108 (ZC108) and Longjing 43 (LJ43), were tested with this method. ZC108 was previously reported as an anthracnose-resistant cultivar against C. camelliae, while LJ43 was susceptible. The traditional lesion measurement method showed that both cultivars were susceptible to a virulent strain of C. camelliae, while the qRT-PCR approach indicated that very little fungal growth occurred in the anthracnose-resistant cultivar ZC108. The observed results in this study were consistent with previously published research. In addition, the DNA-based real-time PCR method was applied for analysis of pathogenic differences in general C. camelliae isolates and among several Colletotrichum spp that infect tea. Conclusions:This study showed that the DNA-based qRT-PCR technique is rapid, highly sensitive and easily applicable for routine experiments and could be used in screening for resistant tea plant cultivars or to identify differences in pathogen aggressiveness within and among Colletotrichum species.

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Association of manganese effluent with the application of fertilizer and manure on tea field

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Reliable reference genes for normalization of gene expression data in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) exposed to metal stresses

Reliable reference genes for normalization of gene expression data in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) exposed to metal stresses

A Comparative Assessment of the Characteristics of Saturated Wetland Soil and a Well Drained Forest Soil

Development of a DNA-based real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Colletotrichum camelliae growth in tea (Camellia sinensis)

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