Association of maternal dietary patterns derived by multiple approaches with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Supplementary Table 1 Factor loading for the major dietary patterns identified by principal component analysis using varimax rotation among 2202 pregnant women 1 1 Values are factor loadings (correlation coefficients) between each food intake variable and the dietary pattern derived from principal component analysis. Absolute values of factor loading ≥0.35 are bolded. 2 Including sweet potato, elephant foot yam, and colocasia.

Effects of a Comprehensive Dietary Intervention Program, Promoting Nutrition Literacy, Eating Behavior, Dietary Quality, and Gestational Weight Gain in Chinese Urban Women with Normal Body Mass Index during Pregnancy

“…In the baseline comparison of outcome measures, no significant differences were found in prenatal nutritional literacy, eating behavior, dietary quality, and weight gain during the pre-test phase, indicating the homogeneity of the study groups. However, an exploration of baseline dietary quality uncovered predominantly negative values in nutritional category coefficients, consistent with prior research on Chinese pregnant women [70]. This observation may be attributed to the influence of morning sickness, impacting dietary habits and potentially contributing to nutritional deficiencies [71].…”

“…This may reflect CDIP’s emphasis on and attention to less common dietary categories in health education. The routine care group shows relatively poorer performance in these specific dietary categories, possibly due to a lack of awareness of the importance of these nutrient sources or a deficiency in related guidance in traditional prenatal care [ 70 , 96 , 97 ]. Furthermore, CDIP’s intervention shows significant improvement in addressing the inadequate intake of seafood and dairy products.…”

“…Furthermore, CDIP’s intervention shows significant improvement in addressing the inadequate intake of seafood and dairy products. In the southern regions of China, dietary habits often lead pregnant women to insufficiently consume dairy and seafood [ 70 , 98 , 99 ]. CDIP successfully enhances the intake of these two food categories by emphasizing their nutritional importance.…”