Association of maternal G protein β3 subunit  825T  allele with low birthweight

Hocher, Berthold; Slowinski, Torsten; Stolze, Thomas; Pleschka, Aiko; Neumayer, Hans-H; Halle, H

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02094-8

Cited by 88 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In Caucasians, the maternal G protein β3 subunit is another gene that shows association with birthweight (Hocher et al, 2000), with the 825T allele lowering offspring birthweight. As this gene is known to be associated with obesity (Siffert et al, 1999), the effect on birthweight may be related to prepregnancy weight, a major determinant of fetal growth (Neggers et al, 1995;Rossner & Ohlin, 1990;Shapiro et al, 2000).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Twin Birthweight Data From Australia, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and South Korea: Are Genetic and Environmental Variations in Birthweight Similar in Caucasians and East Asians?

et al. 2005

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Birthweight has implications for physical and mental health in later life. Using data from Caucasian twins collected in Australia, the Netherlands and the United States, and from East Asian twins collected in Japan and South Korea, we compared the total phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances of birthweight between Caucasians and East Asians. Model-fitting analyses yielded four major findings. First, for both males and females, the total phenotypic variances of birthweight were about 45% larger in Caucasians than in East Asians. The larger phenotypic variances were mainly attributable to a greater shared environmental variance of birth- weight in Caucasians (ranging from 62% to 67% of variance) than Asians (48% to 53%). Second, the genetic variance of birthweight was equal in Caucasians and East Asians for both males and females, explaining a maximum of 17% of variance. Third, small variations in total phenotypic variances of birthweight within Caucasians and within East Asians were mainly due to differences in nonshared environmental variances. We speculate that maternal effects (both genetic and environmental) explain the large shared environmental variance in birthweight and may account for the differences in phenotypic variance in birthweight between Caucasians and East Asians. Recent molecular findings and specific environmental factors that are subsumed by maternal effects are discussed.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Twin Birthweight Data From Australia, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and South Korea: Are Genetic and Environmental Variations in Birthweight Similar in Caucasians and East Asians?

et al. 2005

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“…The search for genes that influence insulin resistance and birth weight has met with limited success, [61][62][63][64][65][66] in part because of the difficulty in separating genetic from gestational effects on fetal growth. The gender difference in birth weight is readily measured and reflects the combined impact of our putative sex-linked genes on fetal growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance

Wilkin

Murphy

2006

Int J Obes

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Girls are born lighter than boys. The consistency of this observation across different populations is striking, suggesting that it may have fundamental significance for those conditions linked with lower birth weight, such as diabetes. Previous hypotheses relating low birth weight to subsequent diabetes have addressed differences in insulin resistance within the sexes, not between them. Here, we propose that gender-specific genes affecting insulin sensitivity are responsible for the gender difference in birth weight -the genetically more insulin resistant female fetus is less responsive to the trophic effects of insulin and is therefore smaller. These genes also render female subjects more susceptible to diabetes, explaining why reports of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in younger populations show a female preponderance. Consistent with our proposal, concentrations of insulin and/or its propeptides are higher at birth in female populations and they are intrinsically more insulin resistant throughout life, with attendant impact on their metabolism, and the regressions describing the relationship between insulin resistance and adiposity in female and male subjects have similar gradients, but different constants. These gender-specific genes have a demonstrable impact on fetal growth and insulin resistance. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are thought to be driven by insulin resistance, and the observations reported here may help to focus the search for genes that control it.

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“…The inability to fully explain racial disparities in birth outcomes has led some researchers to point to possible genetic differences (Varner and Esplin 2005;Rowe 2000, 2001;Wilcox and Russell 1986). For example, a specific maternal gene said to be responsible for lowering birth weight, polymorphism in the G protein-3 subunit C825T (Hocher et al 2000), occurs in Africans and African Americans more frequently than it does in whites (Siffert et al 1999). Genetic-based approaches are questionable to the extent that they perpetuate an essentialist concept of race despite evidence that there is more genetic variation among individuals of any given racial group than there is across racial groups.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Inequality and Unequal Access To Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Disparities in US Infant Birth Outcomes: A Protective Effect of Military Affiliation?

Lundquist

Elo

Barfield³

et al. 2013

Race Soc Probl

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Research has been unable to determine why African Americans have higher infant mortality and preterm birth prevalence than whites, even taking into account measurable social and economic differences. This is, in part, due to the difficulty of adequately measuring the impacts of racial inequality and residential segregation. As an alternative approach, this paper comparatively examines infant outcomes among military-affiliated and civilian black and white women. The military setting provides higher-than-average economic equality and universal healthcare access. Although military-affiliated populations are usually left out of most major datasets, we construct a new variable that allows us to identify military affiliation using the CDC's PRAMS survey data. Multinomial logistic regression analyses show that there is a negative association between adverse birth outcomes and military affiliation for both white and black women. Thus, the blackwhite infant mortality gap persists in the military even though black affiliates experience significant improvement in outcomes relative to their same-race civilian counterparts. Nevertheless, the black-white disparity among military-affiliated women is somewhat lessened compared to the black-white civilian disparity.

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Association of maternal G protein β3 subunit 825T allele with low birthweight

Cited by 88 publications

References 3 publications

A Comparison of Twin Birthweight Data From Australia, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and South Korea: Are Genetic and Environmental Variations in Birthweight Similar in Caucasians and East Asians?

A Comparison of Twin Birthweight Data From Australia, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and South Korea: Are Genetic and Environmental Variations in Birthweight Similar in Caucasians and East Asians?

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance

Racial Disparities in US Infant Birth Outcomes: A Protective Effect of Military Affiliation?

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