Association of maternal HDL2-c concentration in the first trimester and the risk of large for gestational age birth

Abstract

Background Maternal lipid levels during pregnancy are critical for fetal development. Recent studies revealed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels during pregnancy were negatively correlated with birthweight. High-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol (HDL2-c) is one of the major subclasses of HDL-c, and its relationship with birthweight is unclear. Association of HDL2-c concentration in the first trimester and risk of large for gestational age (LGA) was explored. Methods This study recruited pregnant women who registered in Fuxing Hospital from October 2018 to January 2020, had regular obstetric examinations during pregnancy, and delivered between June 2019 and September 2020. Finally, 549 participants were recruited for the study. Maternal demographic characteristics and venous blood were collected at the 6th-14th gestational week, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-c, HDL2-c, high-density lipoprotein 3 cholesterol (HDL3-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were detected. Neonatal characteristics were collected at delivery. A logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between the first trimester HDL2-c concentration and LGA incidence. A nomogram was developed, and the performance was evaluated with a concordance index. Results Seventy-five mothers delivered LGA infants, and the LGA incidence was 13.66%. LGA mothers had significantly lower serum HDL-c and HDL2-c concentrations than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) mothers. A logistic regression model showed that HDL2-c concentration was negatively correlated with LGA risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.237, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.099–0.567, P = 0.001) when adjusted for age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and parity. A nomogram was generated using all these risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.663 (95% CI: 0.593–0.732). Conclusions Maternal HDL2-c concentration in the first trimester was negatively correlated with the risk of LGA.

Association between maternal lipid profiles and vitamin D status in second trimester and risk of LGA or SGA: a retrospective study

“…For instance, an increase of 10 mg/dL in HDL-C from preconception to 28 weeks was associated with decreased odds of LGA (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46–0.86), with a stronger association observed in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI over 25 ( 29 ). In our study, pregnant women who delivered LGA newborns had lower HDL-C levels than those who delivered AGA newborns, which is consistent with the findings of a study involving 549 pregnant Chinese women ( 30 ). Furthermore, our results indicated that higher HDL-C levels in mothers were associated with a reduced risk of LGA infants (OR=0.58), even after adjusting for pre-BMI and GDM.…”

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“…For instance, an increase of 10 mg/dL in HDL-C from preconception to 28 weeks was associated with decreased odds of LGA (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.86), with a stronger association observed in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI over 25 (29). In our study, pregnant women who delivered LGA newborns had lower HDL-C levels than those who delivered AGA newborns, which is consistent with the findings of a study involving 549 pregnant Chinese women (30). Furthermore, our results indicated that higher HDL-C levels in mothers were associated with a reduced risk of LGA infants (OR=0.58), even after adjusting for pre-BMI and GDM.…”