Association of Maternal HIV Infection with Low Birth Weight

Markson, Leona E.; Turner, Barbara J.; Houchens, Robert; Silverman, Neil S.; Cosler, Leon E.; Takyi, Baffour K.

doi:10.1097/00042560-199611010-00004

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Due to the low rates of the other pregnancy and labor and delivery complications, an indicator variable was created for those complications associated with an increased risk of low birth weight. 25 This variable indicated the presence of at least one of the following pregnancy complications: cardiac disease, chronic hypertension, eclampsia, lung disease, preeclampsia, renal disease, and uterine bleeding. An indicator variable also was created for labor and delivery complications: abnormal presentation, abruptio placenta, amnionitis and sepsis, cord prolapse, fever, labor eclampsia, placenta previa, precipitous labor, and labor preeclampsia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Low Birth Weight Infants Among Black and White Parents

Hessol

Fuentes-Afflick

BACCHETTI

1998

Obstetrics & Gynecology

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Objective: To determine whether racial differences in risk of low birth weight infants among black and white parents can be attributed to differences in demographic, behavioral, medical, and socioeconomic factors.Methods: We analyzed 203,815 singleton births from the 1992 California birth certificate data set for the risk of very low birth weight (500 -1499 g) and moderately low birth weight (1500 -2499 g) infants. Additional study variables included maternal (race, age, education, marital status, parity, obstetric history, tobacco use, medical complications, medical insurance, and use of prenatal care), paternal (race, age, and education), infant (gestational age and gender), and community (median household income from the 1990 US Census) characteristics.Results: For both very low and moderately low birth weight infants, the unadjusted risk associated with parental race showed a gradient of risk, from highest to lowest, for black mother/black father, black mother/white father, white mother/black father, and white mother/white father parents. After adjusting for other risk factors, the odds ratio associated with black mother/black father parents was reduced from 3.37 to 1.73 for very low birth weight infants and from 2.51 to 1.60 for moderately low birth weight infants, but both remained elevated. Interracial parents no longer had an elevated risk of very low birth weight infants and white mother/black father parents no longer had an elevated risk of moderately low birth weight, compared with white parents.Conclusion: After controlling for parental, infant, and community factors, most but not all of the increased risk of low birth weight infants associated with black parental race was explained. (Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:814 -22. © 1998 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.)Low birth weight infants (weight less than 2500 g) have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality during infancy and childhood. 1 In the United States, black women consistently have higher rates of low birth weight infants and infant mortality than do white women. 2 From 1975 through the early 1990s, the rates of low birth weight infants for blacks were more than double the rates for whites. 3,4 The persistence of differences in perinatal outcomes between blacks and whites is a major public health and policy issue and has spurred intensified efforts to identify causal factors for adverse health outcomes. 5 Researchers of several studies have tried to identify the attributes responsible for higher rates of low birth weight in black women. 6 -11 Even after controlling for known risk factors, such as age, education, smoking, gestational age, use of prenatal care, and medical complications, racial differences in rates of low birth weight have persisted. These unexplained racial differences in low birth weight have led to speculation that blacks are predisposed to lower birth weight infants, 12 a theory that has not been supported by recent studies. [13][14][15] To improve perinatal outcomes in the United States, it is extr...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Low Birth Weight Infants Among Black and White Parents

Hessol

Fuentes-Afflick

BACCHETTI

1998

Obstetrics & Gynecology

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“…Additionally, HIV-positive women are more likely to terminate their pregnancies, give birth to low birth weight babies, deliver preterm or experience stillbirths [106][107][108][109]. For the purpose of this review, both therapeutic and preventive preconception measures to reduce HIV infection were examined.…”

Section: Hiv/aids Prevention Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interconnections between maternal and newborn health – evidence and implications for policy

Lassi

Majeed

Rashid

et al. 2013

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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The past decade has witnessed increasing global attention and political support for maternal, newborn and child health. Despite this increased attention, actual progress has been slow and sporadic: coverage of key maternal and newborn health interventions remains low and there are wide disparities in access to care, within and across countries. Strategies for improving maternal and newborn health are closely linked, and can be delivered most effectively through a continuum of care approach. While these interventions are largely known, there is little information on which interventions have a positive health impact for both women and newborns. This supplement identifies the interventions during the preconception, pregnancy, intrapartum and postnatal periods found to have a positive, synergistic effect on maternal and neonatal outcomes. These interventions are then grouped into packages of care for delivery at the community, health center or hospital levels.

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“…1 HIV-infected women on Medicaid are a key target for such an initiative because they are twice as likely to bear a low-birthweight child as uninfected women on Medicaid. 23 New York's efforts appear to be richly rewarded; we found that program care was associated with at least a 40% reduction in the adjusted odds of preterm delivery in our study population of 1700 HIV-infected women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Improved birth outcomes among HIV-infected women with enhanced Medicaid prenatal care

Turner

Newschaffer

Cocroft³

et al. 2000

Am J Public Health

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Objectives. This study evaluated the impact of enhanced prenatal care on the birth outcomes of HIV-infected women.Methods. Medicaid claims files linked to vital statistics were analyzed for 1723 HIV-infected women delivering a live-born singleton from January 1993 to October 1995. Prenatal care program visits were indicated by rate codes. Logistic models controlling for demographic, substance use, and health care variables were used to assess the program's effect on preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) and low birthweight (less than 2500 g).Results. Of the women included in the study, 75.3% participated in the prenatal care program. Adjusted program care odds were 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42, 0.81) for preterm birth and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.24, 0.58) for low-birthweight deliveries in women without a usual source of prenatal care. Women with a usual source had lower odds of low-birthweight deliveries if they had more than 9 program visits. The effect of program participation persisted in sensitivity analyses that adjusted for an unmeasured confounder.Conclusions. A statewide prenatal care Medicaid program demonstrates significant reductions in the risk of adverse birth outcomes for HIV-infected women. (Am J Public Health. 2000; 90:85-91)

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Association of Maternal HIV Infection with Low Birth Weight

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Risk of Low Birth Weight Infants Among Black and White Parents

Risk of Low Birth Weight Infants Among Black and White Parents

The interconnections between maternal and newborn health – evidence and implications for policy

Improved birth outcomes among HIV-infected women with enhanced Medicaid prenatal care

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