Association of Maternal Serum PIGF Levels as a Biomarker in Preeclampsia: A Case Control Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study

Abstract

Objectives: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multi-systemic disorder with circulatory pressure of more than 140/90 mm Hg and proteinuria with 0.3 g in a 24 h on dipstick emerging after 20 weeks of pregnancy. In PE subjects, there will be incomplete arterial transformation and cytotrophoblastic cell division. It has pro-angiogenic effects on the feto-uterine circulation and maintenance of the trophoblast development. Due to imbalance in Placental Inhibiting Growth Factor (PIGF) levels in PE women, it constricts the blood vessels and leads to endothelial dysfunction. Low circulating PlGF precedes the manifestation of clinical disease in PE pregnancies and intrauterine growth restriction in fetus. The role of PlGF in PE needs to be focussed more. The present study aim is to compare the maternal serum PIGF levels in normotensive pregnant women to PE women in early and late gestational weeks. Material and Methods:In this case-control study, 150 were preeclamptic women as cases, and 150 as normotensive pregnant women as controls, a total of 300 subjects were associated in the present study. A 5ml of maternal venous blood was collected, the serum was separated and stored at -80˚C till the analysis. By using commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay kits from Chongqing Biospes Co., Ltd., (suppliers: Info bio-Company, New Delhi) was measured with microplate reader at 450nm (Merilyzer Eiaquant Company).Results: Out of 300 pregnant women, 46 pregnant women were early gestational weeks and 254 were late gestational weeks. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences Software 22. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.93, 92% sensitivity, and 77% specificity. The significance in the maternal serum PIGF levels was calculated by the Mann-Whitney U test. By comparing the cases and controls it was found that maternal serum PIGF was significantly higher in PE women with z value =2.65 and U= 9253 and with p-value 0.005 significance. Conclusion:Maternal serum PIGF can be used as a preeclamptic diagnostic marker in southeastern Kolar population.